Anhydrous Ammonia Tank Failure – South Africa 1973, Detailed report on a major disaster in a fertilizer plant

On July 13, 1973, at a fertilizer plant, one of four 50-ton (metric) pressure-storage tanks (horizontal bullet type) failed. The failure resulted from brittle fracture of a dished end. No specific source of cracking, or a “triggering incident” was identified. An estimated 30 ton of anhydrous ammonia was released, plus another 8 ton from a tank car. The ammonia caused the deaths of 18 people. This is a summary of the information available to AE & CI Ltd. in July, 1974. It amplifies the information dated December 7, 1973, that had been issued on request to attendees at the 1973 AIChE Ammonia Safety Symposium. The verdict of the formal inquest on the victims, presented July 19, 1974, was that no one, by action or negligence, was responsible for the fatalities. The insurance settlements have yet to be effected.

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