OSHA’s PRCS Decision Flow Chart
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RMP Program Level Determination Flowchart (LA-DEQ)
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5,700-gallon hydrochloric acid (HCl) storage tank ruptured during filling
On Tuesday, April 8, 1997, at approximately 8:59 a.m., a 5,700-gallon hydrochloric acid (HCl) storage tank ruptured during filling. The failure of the HCl tank caused a significant portion of its liquid contents (which totaled about 4,800 gallons of 31% HCl) to suddenly surge over the secondary containment. The force of the liquid also caused…...
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The Function of Safety Barriers (Layers of Protection)
The use of risk controls or barriers to protect the people from hazards is a core principle of safety. Barriers are employed to serve two purposes: to prevent the release of hazardous energy and to mitigate harm in the event hazardous energy is released Energy is defined broadly as used here and includes multiple forms,…...
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Safety Management Systems (ANSI/ISO/PSM/RMP/SIF)
Safety Management Systems (SMS) was developed to integrate safety as part of an organization’s management of safety performance. The benefits of process-based management systems are a well-established component of quality performance. As organizations and the technologies they employ became more complex and diverse, and the rate of change in the pace of societal expectations, technical…...
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From Latent Conditions to Active Failures (Dr. James Reason Human Failure Model)
An organizational event-causal story developed by James Reason starts with the organizational factors: Strategic decisions, Generic organizational processes – forecasting, budgeting, allocating resources, planning, scheduling, communicating, managing, auditing, etc. These processes are colored and shaped by the corporate culture, unspoken attitudes, and unwritten rules concerning how the organization carries out its business. [Reason, 1997]… Membership...
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EPA’s Risk Management Plan (RMP) and Transportation Containers
This is one of the most commonly misunderstood RMP/PSM compliance issues for facilities that use rail cars as storage tanks and or use “tube trailers” as storage tanks. EPA has been clear since 1998 on how these rail cars that are hooked up to the process and those that are “stored on spurs” are to…...
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OSHA Q&A on PSM Compliance (CPL02-02-045, 1994)
Clarifications and Interpretations of the PSM Standard The guidance contained in this appendix is provided for compliance assistance. This appendix contains clarifications agreed to in a settlement agreement dated April 5, 1993, between OSHA, the United Steelworkers of America, the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union, and the Building and Construction Trades Department of…...
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Typical Questions for Addressing the Principles of a Safety Management System (SMS) in an Accident Investigation
Here is a list of questions investigators may ask to determine whether line management deficiencies affected the accident. These questions are based on the seven (7) guiding principles of an SMS. These are not intended to be exhaustive. Investigator(s) should adapt these questions or develop new ones based on the specific characteristics of the accident…....
Process Safety Management Meer Decision (OSHRC)
Meer Corporation (Meer) was cited on January 9, 1995, for serious and non-serious violations of numerous safety requirements for managing hazards associated with processes using highly hazardous chemicals. The standard prescribing the multiple procedures is referred to as process safety management (PSM). The serious citation also includes an item alleging violation of the machine guarding…...
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