Report to the University of Hawaii at Manoa on the Hydrogen/Oxygen Explosion of March 16, 2016

This is an investigative report of the March 16, 2016 hydrogen/oxygen explosion at the University of Hawaii at Manoa campus (UH), in which a postdoctoral researcher lost her arm and sustained burns to her face and temporary loss of hearing. The postdoctoral researcher was working in a laboratory at the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute in the Pacific Ocean Science and Technology (POST) building.  The University of California Center for Laboratory Safety, in its capacity as an independent third party review team, was contracted to investigate the circumstances that led to this laboratory accident.  The report is separated into two sections. The immediate cause of the accident was traced to the digital pressure gauge which acted as a path to ground for a static charge that ignited the hydrogen/oxygen gas mixture contained within a 13 gallon (50 liter) pressure tank. Extensive analytical testing of an identical gas tank/pressure gauge system did not reproduce a stray electrical current within the digital pressure gauge suggesting that the initiation event was due to a static discharge generated in the tank or the researcher. The explosive gas mixture was most likely ignited when the statically charged researcher touched the metal housing of the gauge and a charge transfer occurred causing a corona or brush discharge within the gauge stem.  While the likely point of initiation of the explosion was determined to be due to static discharge through the digital pressure gauge, it should be emphasized that there are numerous means by which a hydrogen/oxygen gas explosion can be initiated. It is imperative that, hydrogen/oxygen gas mixtures in the explosive range should not be stored, and experiments using hydrogen/oxygen gas mixtures, such as the culture of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, should undergo rigorous hazard analysis and mitigation efforts to eliminate possible sources of ignition.

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