Process Safety and Ohio State Fire & HAZMAT Codes

Often times we get so involved with meeting OSHA and EPA regulations that it is easy to loose site of the State Fire and Hazardous Material codes. In some states these codes can be even more stringent that OSHA and EPA process safety requirements! PLEASE keep in mind, each state will have their OWN SET of fire and HAZMAT codes, but in this article I will be using the Ohio Fire & Hazardous Materials codes. This will give everyone an idea as to what their state codes could require and for those with facilities inside the state of Ohio, this article will provide much of what would be required. I have even posted the state requirements for Ammonia Refrigeration processes.

To get started we need to understand which state codes would have applicability to our type of business. For the sake of my sanity, I will be usin the codes I am most familiar with and these are those that apply to “Group H” facilities. The Ohio code defines “Group H” facilities as:

“High-Hazard Group H.” High-hazard Group H occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of those allowed in control areas complying with paragraph (C)(8)(c)(2703.8.3) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code, based on the maximum allowable quantity limits for control areas set forth in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code. Hazardous occupancies are classified in Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 and shall be in accordance with this code and the requirements of section 415 of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code. Hazardous materials stored or used on top of roofs or canopies shall be classified as outdoor storage or use and shall comply with this code.

The Group H facilities are broken down into the five subcategories and IN GENERAL terms a PSM/RMP facility in Ohio would most likely fall under H-2 or H-3 for those processes falling under PSM/RMP because the materials are flammable and H-4 if the process contains a PSM/RMP listed toxic material. Group H-5 is for semi-conductor facilities. The difference between H-2 and H-3 is how the flammables are handled. H-2 is for Class I, or II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids which are used or stored in normally open containers or systems, or in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge. H-3 is for Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103.4 kPa) or less.

So lets now look at the basics of the applicable code sections. The first section of the code that applies to a PSM/RMP facility is much like OSHA Emergency Action Plan standard 1910.38, but there may be a few surprises…

1301:7-7-04 Emergency Planning and Preparedness

(PLEASE NOTE that I am only stating certain parts of the code and this is NOT ALL the requirements)

401.6 Emergency evacuation drills. The sounding of a fire alarm signal and the carrying out of an emergency evacuation drill in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (E)(405) of this rule shall be allowed.

401.7 Unplanned evacuation. Evacuations made necessary by the unplanned activation of a fire alarm system or by any other emergency shall NOT be substituted for a required evacuation drill.

401.8 Interference with fire department operations. It shall be unlawful to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, conspire to interfere with, obstruct or restrict the mobility of or block the path of travel of a fire department emergency vehicle in any way, or to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, conspire to interfere with, obstruct or hamper any fire department operation. BOTTOM LINE… in Ohio if the Fire Department wants to take over an incident scene, they have the RIGHT TO DO SO!

404.2 Where required. An approved fire safety and evacuation plan shall be prepared and maintained for the following occupancies and buildings.
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Group H (these are the facilities that are most likely to fall under PSM/RMP)

404.3 Contents. Fire safety and evacuation plan contents shall be in accordance with paragraphs (D)(3)(a)(404.3.1) and (D)(3)(b)(404.3.2) of this rule.

404.3.1 Fire evacuation plans. Fire evacuation plans shall include the following:

1. Emergency egress or escape routes and whether evacuation of the building is to be complete or, where approved, by selected floors or areas only.
2. Procedures for employees who must remain to operate critical equipment before evacuating. (same as 1910.38)
3. Procedures for assisted rescue for persons unable to use the general means of egress unassisted. (this is NEW and not required by 1910.38)
4. Procedures for accounting for employees and occupants after evacuation has been completed. (same as 1910.38
5. Identification and assignment of personnel responsible for rescue or emergency medical aid. (1910.38 does NOT require medical duties to be assigned to identified personnel)
6. The preferred and any alternative means of notifying occupants of a fire or emergency. (same as 1910.38)
7. The preferred and any alternative means of reporting fires and other emergencies to the fire department or designated emergency response organization. (this is an EXTRA step that 1910.38 does not exactly spell out, although one would assume this is need)
8. Identification and assignment of personnel who can be contacted for further information or explanation of duties under the plan. (same as 1910.38)
9. A description of the emergency voice/alarm communication system alert tone and preprogrammed voice messages, where provided. (1910.38 is not this specific)

NOTE: OSHA only requires Fire Safety Plans (1910.39) in very select facilties that fall under particular OSHA standards, but the OH Fire Code requires this plan for ALL Group H facilities (e.g. PSM/RMP facilities).

404.3.2 Fire safety plans. Fire safety plans shall include the following:

- The procedure for reporting a fire or other emergency.
- The life safety strategy and procedures for notifying, relocating, or evacuating occupants, including occupants who need assistance.
- Site plans indicating the following:
  - The occupancy assembly point.
  - The locations of fire hydrants.
  - The normal routes of fire department vehicle access.
- Floor plans identifying the locations of the following:
  - Exits.
  - Primary evacuation routes.
  - Secondary evacuation routes..
  - Accessible egress routes.
  - Areas of refuge.
  - Exterior areas for assisted rescue.
  - Manual fire alarm boxes.
  - Portable fire extinguishers.
  - Occupant-use hose stations.
  - Fire alarm annunciators and controls.
- A list of major fire hazards associated with the normal use and occupancy of the premises, including maintenance and housekeeping procedures
- Identification and assignment of personnel responsible for maintenance of systems and equipment installed to prevent or control fires.
- Identification and assignment of personnel responsible for maintenance, housekeeping and controlling fuel hazard sources.

NOTE: The OH Code uses the term “Lockdown” in the same manner many safety professionals would use the term “Shelter in Place”.

404.3.3 Lockdown plans. Where facilities develop a lockdown plan, the lockdown plan shall be in accordance with paragraphs (D)(3)(c)(i)(404.3.3.1) to (D)(3)(c)(iii)(404.3.3.3) of this rule.

404.3.3.1 Lockdown plan contents. Lockdown plans shall be approved by the fire code official and shall include the following:

1. 1. Initiation. The plan shall include instructions for reporting an emergency that requires a lockdown.
  2. Accountability. The plans shall include accountability procedures for staff to report the presence or absence of occupants.
  3. Recall. The plan shall include a prearranged signal for returning to normal activity.
  4. Communication and coordination. The plan shall include an approved means of two-way communication between a central location and each secured area.

404.3.3.2 Training frequency. The training frequency shall be included in the lockdown plan. The lockdown drills shall not substitute for any of the fire and evacuation drills required in paragraph (E)(2)(405.2) of this rule.

404.3.3.3 Lockdown notification. The method of notifying building occupants of a lockdown shall be included in the plan. The method of notification shall be separate and distinct from the fire alarm signal.

404.4 Maintenance. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall be reviewed or updated ANNUALLY or as necessitated by changes in staff assignments, occupancy or the physical arrangement of the building.

404.5 Availability. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall be available in the workplace for reference and review by employees, and copies shall be furnished to the fire code official for review upon request.

404.5.1 Distribution. The fire safety and evacuation plans shall be distributed to the tenants and building service employees by the owner or the owner’s agent. Tenants shall distribute to their employees applicable part of the fire safety plan affecting the employees actions in the event of a fire or other emergency.

404.5.2 An evacuation plan indicating the primary and secondary emergency evacuation routes, and including proper occupant-to-building orientation, shall be permanently and conspicuously posted at the main exit door inside of each room accessible to all persons in all educational occupancies. The plan shall not be obscured from view by any materials.

(E) Section 405 Emergency evacuation drills

405.1 General. Emergency evacuation drills complying with the provisions of this paragraph shall be conducted at least annually in the occupancies listed in paragraph (D)(2)(404.2) of this rule or when required by the fire code official. Drills shall be designed in cooperation with the local authorities. YES- this means that a Group H facility (e.g. a PSM/RMP facility) is REQUIRED by the state code to conduct at least one (1) evacuation drill annually.

405.3 Leadership. Responsibility for the planning and conduct of drills shall be assigned to competent persons designated to exercise leadership.

405.4 Time. Drills shall be held at unexpected times and under varying conditions to simulate the unusual conditions that occur in case of fire.

405.5 Record keeping. Records shall be maintained of required emergency evacuation drills and include the following information:

Identity of the person conducting the drill.
Date and time of the drill.
Notification method used.
Staff members on duty and participating.
Number of occupants evacuated.
Special conditions simulated.
Problems encountered.
Weather conditions when occupants were evacuated.
Time required to accomplish complete evacuation.
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405.7 Initiation. Where a fire alarm system is provided, emergency evacuation drills shall be initiated by activating the fire alarm system.
405.8 Accountability. As building occupants arrive at the assembly point, efforts shall be made to determine if all occupants have been successfully evacuated or have been accounted for.
405.9 Recall and reentry. An electrically or mechanically operated signal used to recall occupants after an evacuation shall be separate and distinct from the signal used to initiate the evacuation. The recall signal initiation means shall be manually operated and under the control of the person in charge of the premises or the official in charge of the incident. No one shall reenter the premises until authorized to do so by the official in charge.

(F) Section 406 Employee training and response procedures

406.1 General. Employees in the occupancies listed in paragraph (D)(2)(404.2) of this rule shall be trained in the fire emergency procedures described in their fire evacuation and fire safety plans. Training shall be based on these plans and as described in paragraph (D)(3)(404.3) of this rule.

406.2 Frequency. Employees shall receive training in the contents of fire safety and evacuation plans and their duties as part of new employee orientation and at least annually thereafter. Records shall be kept and made available to the fire code official upon request.

406.3 Employee training program. Employees shall be trained in fire prevention, evacuation and fire safety in accordance with paragraphs (F)(3)(a)(406.3.1) to (F)(3)(d)(406.3.4) of this rule.

406.3.1 Fire prevention training. Employees shall be apprised of the fire hazards of the materials and processes to which they are exposed. Each employee shall be instructed in the proper procedures for preventing fires in the conduct of their assigned duties.

406.3.2 Evacuation training. Employees shall be familiarized with the fire alarm and evacuation signals, their assigned duties in the event of an alarm or emergency, evacuation routes, areas of refuge, exterior assembly areas and procedures for evacuation.

406.3.3 Emergency lockdown training. Where a facility has a lockdown plan, employees shall be trained on their assigned duties and procedures in the event of an emergency lockdown.

406.3.4 Fire safety training. Employees assigned fire-fighting duties shall be trained to know the locations and proper use of portable fire extinguishers or other manual fire-fighting equipment and the protective clothing or equipment required for its safe and proper use.

(G) Section 407 Hazard communication
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407.3 Identification. Individual containers of hazardous materials, cartons or packages shall be marked or labeled in accordance with applicable federal regulations. Buildings, rooms and spaces containing hazardous materials shall be identified by hazard warnings signs in accordance with paragraph (C)(5)(2703.5) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code.

407.4 Training. Persons responsible for the operation of areas in which hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, handled or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of a fire, leak or spill. Responsible persons shall be designated and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency responses and identification of the locations where hazardous materials are located, and shall have access to Material Safety Data Sheets and be knowledgeable in the site emergency response procedures.

(H) Section 408 Use and occupancy-related requirements
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408.4 Group H-5 occupancies (e.g. semi-conductor). Group H-5 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (H)(4)(a)(408.4.1) to (H)(4)(d)(408.4.4) of this rule and paragraphs (A)(401) to (G)(407) of this rule.

408.4.1 Plans and diagrams. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (D)(404) and paragraph (G)(6)(407.6) of this rule, plans and diagrams shall be maintained in approved locations indicating the approximate plan for each area, the amount and type of HPM stored, handled and used, locations of shutoff valves for HPM supply piping, emergency telephone locations and locations of exits.

408.4.2 Plan updating. The plans and diagrams required by paragraph (H)(4)(a)(408.4.1) of this rule shall be maintained up to date and the fire code official and fire department shall be informed of all major changes.

408.4.3 Emergency response team. Responsible persons shall be designated the on-site emergency response team and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency responses, identifying locations where HPM is stored, handled and used, and be familiar with the chemical nature of such material. An adequate number of personnel for each work shift shall be designated.

408.4.4 Emergency drills. Emergency drills of the on-site emergency response team shall be conducted on a regular basis but not less than once every three months. Records of drills conducted shall be maintained.

Safety Tip… (I) Section 409 Tornado shelters in schools is a GREAT resource to use in identoifying areas that can be used as a server weather shelter for industrial facilities. It is ONLY a requirement for Ohio Schools, but it can be applied to industrial facilities.

Ammonia Refrigeration Processes, Emergency Power Systems, and General Electrical

1301:7-7-06 Building services and systems [Effective 11/1/2011]

Section 601 General

601.1 Scope. The provisions of this rule shall apply to the installation, operation and maintenance of fuel-fired appliances and heating systems, emergency and standby power systems, electrical systems and equipment, mechanical refrigeration systems, elevator recall, stationary storage battery systems and commercial kitchen hoods.

601.2 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for refrigeration systems and battery systems as set forth in rule 1301:7-7-01 of the Administrative Code.

Section 602 Definitions

602.1 Definitions. The following words and^terms shall, for the purposes of this rule and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.

“Refrigerant.” The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system; the refrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure, usually with a change of state.

“Refrigeration system.” A combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting heat.

Section 604 Emergency and standby power systems

604.1 Installation. Emergency and standby power systems required by this code or the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code shall be installed in accordance with this code, NFPA 110 and NFPA 111 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code. Existing installations shall be maintained in accordance with the original approval.

604.1.1 Stationary generators. Stationary emergency and standby power generators required by this code shall be listed in accordance with UL 2200 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

604.2 Where required. Emergency and standby power systems shall be provided where required by paragraphs (D)(2)(a)(604.2.1) to (D)(2)(r)(iv)(604.2.18.4) of this rule.

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604.2.2 Smoke control systems. Standby power shall be provided for smoke control systems in accordance with paragraph (I)(11)(909.11) of rule 1301:7-7-09 of the Administrative Code.

604.2.3 Exit signs. Emergency power shall be provided for exit signs in accordance with paragraph (K)(5)(c)(1011.5 3) of rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code.

604.2.4 Means of egress illumination. Emergency power shall be provided for means of egress illumination in accordance with paragraph (F)(3)(1006.3) of rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code.

604.2.5 Accessible means of egress elevators. Standby power shall be provided for elevators that are part of an accessible means of egress in accordance with paragraph (G)(4)(1007.4) of rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code.

604.2.6 Accessible means of egress platform lifts. Standby power in accordance with this paragraph or ASME A18.1 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code shall be provided for platform lifts that are part of an accessible means of egress in accordance with paragraph (G)(5)(1007.5) of rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code.

604.2.7 Horizontal sliding doors. Standby power shall be provided for horizontal sliding doors in accordance with paragraph (H)(1)(d)(iii)(1008 1 4.3) of rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code.

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604.2.10 Hazardous materials. Emergency or standby power shall be provided in occupancies with hazardous materials in accordance with paragraphs (D)(7)(2704.7) and (E)(1)(e)(2705 1.5) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code.

604.2.11 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Emergency power shall be provided for occupancies with highly toxic or toxic materials in accordance with paragraphs (D)(2)(b)(viii)(3704.2.2.8) and (D)(3)(d)(ii)(3704.3.4.2) of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.

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604.2.14.1 Standby power. A standby power system shall be provided. Where the standby system is a generator set inside a building, the system shall be located in a separate room enclosed with 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with section 707 of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with section 712 of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code, or both. System supervision with manual start and transfer features shall be provided at the fire command center.

604.2.14.1.1 Fuel supply. An on-premises fuel supply, sufficient for not less than 2-hour full-demand operation of the system, shall be provided.

Exception: When approved, the system shall be supplied by natural gas pipelines.

604.2.14.1.2 Capacity. The standby system shall have a capacity and rating that supplies all equipment required to be operational at the same time. The generating capacity is not required to be sized to operate all of the connected electrical equipment simultaneously.

604.2.14.1.3 Connected facilities. Power and lighting facilities for the fire command center and elevators specified in sections 403.9 and 403.10 of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code, as applicable, shall be transferable to the standby source. Standby power shall be provided for at least one elevator to serve all floors and be transferable to any elevator.

604.2.14.2 Separate circuits and luminaires. Separate lighting circuits and luminaires shall be required to provide sufficient light with an intensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) measured at floor level in all means of egress corridors, stairways, smokeproof enclosures, elevator cars and lobbies, and other areas that are clearly a part of the escape route.

604.2.14.2.1 Other circuits. Circuits supplying lighting for the fire command center and mechanical equipment rooms shall be transferable to the standby source.

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604.2.14.3 Emergency systems. Exit signs, exit illumination as required by rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code, electrically powered fire pumps required to maintain pressure, and the elevator car lighting are classified as emergency systems and shall operate within 10 seconds of failure of the normal power supply and shall be capable of being transferred to the standby source.

Exception: Exit sign, exit and means of egress illumination are permitted to be powered by a standby source in buildings of Group F and S occupancies.
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604.2.15.1.2 Pick-up time. The standby power system shall pick up its connected loads within 60 seconds of failure of the normal power supply.

604.2.15.2 Emergency power. An emergency power system complying with this code and NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code shall be provided for emergency power loads as specified in paragraph (D)(2)(o)(ii)(a)(604.2.16.2.1) of this rule.

604.2.15.2.1 Emergency power loads. The following loads are classified as emergency power loads:

1. Emergency voice/alarm communication systems.
2. Fire alarm systems.
3. Automatic fire detection systems.
4. Elevator car lighting.
5. Means of egress lighting and exit sign illumination as required by rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code.

604.3 Maintenance. Emergency and standby power systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 111 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code such that the system is capable of supplying service within the time specified for the type and duration required.

604.3.1 Schedule. Inspection, testing and maintenance of emergency and standby power systems shall be in accordance with an approved schedule established upon completion and approval of the system installation.

604.3.2 Written record. Written records of the inspection, testing and maintenance of emergency and standby power systems shall include the date of service, name of the servicing technician, a summary of conditions noted and a detailed description of any conditions requiring correction and what corrective action was taken. Such records shall be kept on the premises served by the emergency or standby power system and be available for inspection by the fire code official.

604.3.3 Switch maintenance. Emergency and standby power system transfer switches shall be included in the inspection, testing and maintenance schedule required by paragraph (D)(3)(a)(604.3.1) of this rule. Transfer switches shall be maintained free from accumulated dust and dirt. Inspection shall include examination of the transfer switch contacts for evidence of deterioration. When evidence of contact deterioration is detected, the contacts shall be replaced in accordance with the transfer switch manufacturer’s instructions.

604.4 Operational inspection and testing. Emergency power systems, including all appurtenant components shall be inspected and tested under load in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 111 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.
Exception: Where the emergency power system is used for standby power or peak load shaving, such use shall be recorded and shall be allowed to be substituted for scheduled testing of the generator set, provided that appropriate records are maintained.

604.4.1 Transfer switch test. The test of the transfer switch shall consist of electrically operating the transfer switch from the normal position to the alternate position and then return to the normal position.

604.5 Supervision of maintenance and testing. Routine maintenance, inspection and operational testing shall be overseen by a properly instructed individual.

604.6 Exit and emergency lighting equipment. Exit and emergency lighting equipment with self contained battery back-up power shall be inspected and tested in accordance with paragraphs (D)(6)(a)(604.6.1) to (D)(6)(c)(604.6.3) of this rule.

604.6.1 Activation test. An activation test of the exit and emergency lighting equipment with self contained battery back-up power shall be performed monthly for a period of not less than 30 seconds.

604.6.2 Duration test. To insure continued illumination for a duration of not less than 90 minutes as listed in paragraph (K)(5)(c)(1011.5 3) of rule 1301:7-7-10 of the Administrative Code, exit and emergency lights equipped with self contained battery back-up power shall be tested ANNUALLY for a period of not less than 90 minutes.

604.6.3 Test records. A written record of all inspection, testing and maintenance of exit and emergency lighting equipment shall be documented and available for review by the fire code official.

(E) Section 605 Electrical equipment, wiring and hazards

605.1 Abatement of electrical hazards. Identified electrical hazards shall be abated. Identified hazardous electrical conditions in permanent wiring shall be brought to the attention of the responsible code official. Electrical wiring, devices, appliances and other equipment that is modified or damaged and constitutes an electrical shock or fire hazard shall not be used.

605.2 Illumination. Illumination shall be provided for service equipment areas, motor control centers and electrical panelboards.

605.3 Working space and clearance. A working space of not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width, 36 inches (914 mm) in depth and 78 inches (1981 mm) in height shall be provided in front of electrical service equipment. Where the electrical service equipment is wider than 30 inches (762 mm), the working space shall not be less than the width of the equipment. No storage of any materials shall be located within the designated working space.

Exceptions:
1. Where other dimensions are required or allowed by NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.
2. Access openings into attics or under-floor areas which provide a minimum clear opening of 22 inches (559 mm) by 30 inches (762 mm).

605.3.1 Labeling. Doors into electrical control panel rooms shall be marked with a plainly visible and legible sign stating “ELECTRICAL ROOM” or similar approved wording. The disconnecting means for each service, feeder or branch circuit originating on a switchboard or panelboard shall be legibly and durably marked to indicate its purpose unless such purpose is clearly evident.

605.4 Multiplug adapters. Multiplug adapters, such as cube adapters, unfused plug strips or any other device not complying with NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code shall be PROHIBITED.

605.4.1 Power tap design. Relocatable power taps shall be of the polarized or grounded type, equipped with overcurrent protection, and shall be listed in accordance with UL 1363 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

605.4.2 Power supply. Relocatable power taps shall be directly connected to a permanently installed receptacle.

605.4.3 Installation. Relocatable power tap cords shall NOT extend through walls, ceilings, floors, under doors or floor coverings, or be subject to environmental or physical damage.

605.5 Extension cords. Extension cords and flexible cords shall NOT be a substitute for permanent wiring. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be affixed to structures, extended through walls, ceilings or floors, or under doors or floor coverings, nor shall such cords be subject to environmental damage or physical impact. Extension cords shall be used ONLY with portable appliances.

605.5.1 Power supply. Extension cords shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle, power tap or multiplug adapter and, except for approved multiplug extension cords, shall serve only one portable appliance.

605.5.2 Ampacity. The ampacity of the extension cords shall not be less than the rated capacity of the portable appliance supplied by the cord.

605.5.3 Maintenance. Extension cords shall be maintained in good condition without splices, deterioration or damage.

605.5.4 Grounding. Extension cords shall be grounded when serving grounded portable appliances.

605.6 Unapproved conditions. Open junction boxes and open-wiring splices shall be prohibited. Approved covers shall be provided for all switch and electrical outlet boxes.

605.7 Appliances. Electrical appliances and fixtures shall be tested and listed in published reports of inspected electrical equipment by an approved agency and installed and maintained in accordance with all instructions included as part of such listing.

605.8 Electrical motors. Electrical motors shall be maintained free from excessive accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and debris.

605.9 Temporary wiring. Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed for a period not to exceed 90 days. Temporary wiring methods shall meet the applicable provisions of NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

Exception: Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed during periods of construction, remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar activities.

605.9.1 Attachment to structures. Temporary wiring attached to a structure shall be attached in an approved manner.

605.10 Portable, electric space heaters. Where not prohibited by other paragraphs of this code, portable, electric space heaters shall be permitted to be used in all occupancies other than Group I-2 and in accordance with paragraph (E)(10)(a)(605.10.1) to (E)(10)(d)(605.10.4) of this rule.

Exception: The use of portable, electric space heaters in which the heating element cannot exceed a temperature of 212°F (100°C) shall be permitted in nonsleeping staff and employee areas in Group I-2 occupancies.

605.10.1 Listed and labeled. Only listed and labeled portable, electric space heaters shall be used.

605.10.2 Power supply. Portable, electric space heater shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle.

605.10.3 Extension cords. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be plugged into extension cords.

605.10.4 Prohibited areas. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be operated within 3 feet (914 mm) of any combustible materials. Portable, electric space heaters shall be operated only in locations for which they are listed.

(F) Section 606 Mechanical refrigeration

606.1 Scope. Refrigeration systems shall be installed in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

606.2 Refrigerants. The use and purity of new, recovered and reclaimed refrigerants shall be in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

606.3 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

606.4 Change in refrigerant type. A change in the type of refrigerant in a refrigeration system shall be in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

606.5 Access. Refrigeration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be accessible to the fire department at all times as required by the fire code official.

606.6 Testing of equipment. Refrigeration equipment and systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be subject to periodic testing in accordance with paragraph (F)(6)(a)(606.6.1) of this rule. A written record of required testing shall be maintained on the premises. Tests of emergency devices or systems required by this rule shall be conducted by persons trained and qualified in refrigeration systems.

606.6.1 Periodic testing. The following emergency devices or systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and as required by the fire code official.

1. Treatment and flaring systems.
2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of emergency refrigeration control boxes.
3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emergency ventilation systems.
4. Detection and alarm systems.

606.7 Emergency signs. Refrigeration units or systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be provided with approved emergency signs, charts and labels in accordance with NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code. Hazard signs shall be in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code for the classification of refrigerants listed therein.

606.8 Refrigerant detector. Machinery rooms shall contain a refrigerant detector with an audible and visual alarm. The detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak will concentrate. The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the corresponding TLV-TWA values shown in the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code for the refrigerant classification. Detectors and alarms shall be placed in approved locations. The detector shall transmit a signal to an approved location.

606.9 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall be provided at an approved location immediately outside the machinery room and adjacent to its principal entrance.

606.9.1 Refrigeration system emergency shutoff. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type or with an approved tamper-resistant cover shall provide OFF-ONLY control of refrigerant compressors, refrigerant pumps and normally closed automatic refrigerant valves located in the machinery room. Additionally, this equipment shall be automatically shut off whenever the refrigerant vapor concentration in the machinery room exceeds the vapor detector’s upper detection limit or 25 per cent of the LEL, whichever is lower.

Exception: In machinery rooms where only nonflammable refrigerants are used, only compressors are required to be stopped by vapor detection or the cut-off switch.

606.9.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the machinery room ventilation fans.

606.10 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided with an emergency pressure control system in accordance with paragraphs (F)(10)(a)(606.10.1) and (F)(10)(b)(606.10.2) of this rule.

606.10.1 Automatic crossover valves. Each high- and intermediate-pressure zone in a refrigeration system shall be provided with a single automatic valve providing a crossover connection to a lower pressure zone. Automatic crossover valves shall comply with paragraphs (F)(10)(a)(i)(606.10.1.1) to (F)(10)(a)(iii)(606.10.1.3) of this rule.

606.10.1.1 Overpressure limit set point. Automatic crossover valves shall be arranged to automatically relieve excess system pressure to a lower pressure zone if the pressure in a high- or intermediate-pressure zone rises to within 90 per cent of the set point for emergency pressure relief devices.

606.10.1.2 Manual operation. When required by the fire code official, automatic crossover valves shall be capable of manual operation.

606.10.1.3 System design pressure. Refrigeration system zones that are connected to a higher pressure zone by an automatic crossover valve shall be designed to safely contain the maximum pressure that can be achieved by interconnection of the two zones.

606.10.2 Automatic emergency stop. An automatic emergency stop feature shall be provided in accordance with paragraphs (F)(10)(b)(i)(606.10.2.1) and (F)(10)(b)(ii)(606.10.2.2) of this rule.

606.10.2.1 Operation of an automatic crossover valve. Operation of an automatic crossover valve shall cause all compressors on the affected system to immediately stop. Dedicated pressure-sensing devices located immediately adjacent to crossover valves shall be permitted as a means for determining operation of a valve. To ensure that the automatic crossover valve system provides a redundant means of stopping compressors in an overpressure condition, high-pressure cutout sensors associated with compressors shall not be used as a basis for determining operation of a crossover valve.

606.10.2.2 Overpressure in low-pressure zone. The lowest pressure zone in a refrigeration system shall be provided with a dedicated means of determining a rise in system pressure to within 90 per cent of the setpoint for emergency pressure relief devices. Activation of the overpressure sensing device shall cause all compressors on the affected system to immediately stop.

606.11 Storage, use and handling. Flammable and combustible materials shall NOT be stored in machinery rooms for refrigeration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant. Storage, use or handling of extra refrigerant or refrigerant oils shall be as required by rule 1301:7-7-27, rule 1301:7-7-30, rule 1301:7-7-32 and rule 1301:7-7-34 of the Administrative Code.

Exception: This provision shall not apply to spare parts, tools and incidental materials necessary for the safe and proper operation and maintenance of the system.

606.12 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems for refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall be provided with an approved discharge system as required by paragraphs (F)(12)(a)(606.12.1), (F)(12)(b)(606.12.2) and (F)(12)(c)(606.12.3) of this rule. Discharge piping and devices connected to the discharge side of a fusible plug or rupture member shall have provisions to prevent plugging the pipe in the event of the fusible plug or rupture member functions.

606.12.1 Flammable refrigerants. Systems containing flammable refrigerants having a density equal to or greater than the density of air shall discharge vapor to the atmosphere only through an approved treatment system in accordance with paragraph (F)(12)(d)(606.12.4) of this rule or a flaring system in accordance with paragraph (F)(12)(e)(606.12.5) of this rule. Systems containing flammable refrigerants having a density of less than the density of air shall be permitted to discharge vapor to the atmosphere provided that the point of discharge is located outside of the structure at not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any window, ventilation opening or exit.

606.12.2 Toxic and highly toxic refrigerants. Systems containing toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall discharge vapor to the atmosphere only through an approved treatment system in accordance with paragraph (F)(12)(d)(606.12.4) of this rule or a flaring system in accordance with paragraph (F)(12)(e)(606.12.5) of this rule.

606.12.3 Ammonia refrigerant. Systems containing ammonia refrigerant shall discharge vapor to the atmosphere through an approved treatment system in accordance with paragraph (F)(12)(d)(606.12.4) of this rule, a flaring system in accordance with paragraph (F)(12)(e)(606.12.5) of this rule, or through an approved ammonia diffusion system in accordance with paragraph (F)(12)(f)(606.12.6) of this rule, or by other approved means.

Exceptions:

1. Ammonia/water absorption systems containing less than 22 pounds (10 kg) of ammonia and for which the ammonia circuit is located entirely outdoors.

2. When the fire code official determines, on review of an engineering analysis prepared in accordance with paragraph (D)(7)(b)(104.7.2) of rule 1301:7-7-01 of the Administrative Code, that a fire, health or environmental hazard would not result from discharging ammonia directly to the atmosphere.

606.12.4 Treatment systems. Treatment systems shall be designed to reduce the allowable discharge concentration of the refrigerant gas to not more than 50 per cent of the IDLH at the point of exhaust. Treatment systems shall be in accordance with rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.

606.12.5 Flaring systems. Flaring systems for incineration of flammable refrigerants shall be designed to incinerate the entire discharge. The products of refrigerant incineration shall not pose health or environmental hazards. Incineration shall be automatic upon initiation of discharge, shall be designed to prevent blowback and shall not expose structures or materials to threat of fire. Standby fuel, such as LP gas, and standby power shall have the capacity to operate for one and one-half the required time for complete incineration of refrigerant in the system.

606.12.6 Ammonia diffusion systems. Ammonia diffusion systems shall include a tank containing 1 gallon of water for each pound of ammonia (4 L of water for each 1 kg of ammonia) that will be released in 1 hour from the largest relief device connected to the discharge pipe. The water shall be prevented from freezing. The discharge pipe from the pressure relief device shall distribute ammonia in the bottom of the tank, but no lower than 33 feet (10 058 mm) below the maximum liquid level. The tank shall contain the volume of water and ammonia without overflowing.

606.13 Discharge location for refrigeration machinery room ventilation. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation systems serving refrigeration machinery rooms containing flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerants, other than ammonia, capable of exceeding 25 per cent of the LFL or 50 per cent of the IDLH shall be equipped with approved treatment systems to reduce the discharge concentrations to those values or lower.

606.14 Notification of refrigerant discharges. The fire code official shall be notified immediately when a discharge becomes reportable under state, federal or local regulations in accordance with paragraph (C)(3)(a)(2703.3.1) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code.

606.15 Records. A written record shall be kept of refrigerant quantities brought into and removed from the premises. Such records shall be available to the fire code official.

606.16 Electrical equipment. Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2 and B3, as defined in the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code, are used, refrigeration machinery rooms shall conform to the Class I, Division 2 hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

Exception: Ammonia machinery rooms that are provided with ventilation in accordance with section 1106.3 of the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

Hazardous Materials – General Provisions

1301:7-7-27 Hazardous materials-general provisions [Effective 11/1/2011]

Section 2701 General

2701.1 Scope.Prevention, control and mitigation of dangerous conditions related to storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with this rule. This rule shall apply to all hazardous materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code, except that when specific requirements, exceptions or exemptions are provided in other rules, those specific requirements shall take precedence over the similar requirements of this rule. Where a material has multiple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed.

Exceptions:
1. The quantities of alcoholic beverages, medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics and consumer or industrial products containing not more than 50 per cent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solutions not being flammable, in retail or wholesale sales occupancies, are unlimited when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
2. Application and release of pesticide and agricultural products and materials intended for use in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and label directions.
3. The off-site and on-site transportation of hazardous materials when in compliance with and regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOTn) regulations.
4. Building materials not otherwise regulated by this code.
5. Refrigeration systems (see paragraph (F)(606) of rule 1301:7-7-06 of the Administrative Code).
6. Stationary storage battery systems regulated by paragraph (H)(608) of rule 1301:7-7-06 of the Administrative Code.
7. The display, storage, sale or use of fireworks and explosives in accordance with rule 1301:7-7-33 of the Administrative Code.
8. Corrosives utilized in personal and household products in the manufacturers’ original consumer packaging in Group M occupancies.
9. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks.
10. The use of wall-mounted dispensers containing alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or II liquids when in accordance with paragraph (E)(5)(3405.5) of rule 1301:7-7-34 of the Administrative Code.

2701.1.1 Waiver. The provisions of this rule are waived when the fire code official determines that such enforcement is preempted by other codes, statutes or ordinances. The details of any action granting such a waiver shall be recorded and entered in the files of the code enforcement agency.

2701.1.2. Nothwithstanding paragraphs (B)(1)(102.1) and (B)(2)(102.2) of rule 1301:7-7-01 of the Administrative Code and unless otherwise noted in this rule, the provisions of this rule relating to motor fuel-dispensing facilities and flammable and combustible liquids as otherwise regulated in rules 1301:7-7-22 and 1301:7-7-34 of the Administrative Code shall not apply to facilities, equipment, structures or installations existing or approved for construction or installation prior to the effective date of this rule, except in those cases where the fire code official demonstrates by a preponderance of the evidence that the existing facility, equipment, structure or installation creates a distinct hazard to life or adjacent property.

2701.2 Material classification. Hazardous materials are those chemicals or substances defined as such in this code. Definitions of hazardous materials shall apply to all hazardous materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code.

2701.2.1 Mixtures. Mixtures shall be classified in accordance with hazards of the mixture as a whole. Mixtures of hazardous materials shall be classified in accordance with nationally recognized reference standards; by an approved qualified organization, individual, or “Material Safety Data Sheet” (MSDS); or by other approved methods.

2701.2.2 Hazard categories. Hazardous materials shall be classified according to hazard categories. The categories include materials regulated by this rule and materials regulated elsewhere in this code.

2701.2.2.1 Physical hazards. The material categories listed in this paragraph are classified as physical hazards. A material with a primary classification as a physical hazard can also pose a health hazard.

Explosives and blasting agents.
Combustible liquids.
Flammable solids, liquids and gases.
Organic peroxide solids or liquids.
Oxidizer solids or liquids.
Oxidizing gases.
Pyrophoric solids, liquids or gases.
Unstable (reactive) solids, liquids or gases.
Water-reactive materials solids or liquids.
Cryogenic fluids.

2701.2.2.2 Health hazards. The material categories listed in this paragraph are classified as health hazards. A material with a primary classification as a health hazard can also pose a physical hazard.
Highly toxic and toxic materials.
Corrosive materials.

2701.3 Performance-based design alternative. When approved by the fire code official, buildings and facilities where hazardous materials are stored, used or handled shall be permitted to comply with this paragraph as an alternative to compliance with the other requirements set forth in this rule, and rules 1301:7-7-28 to 1301:7-7-44 of the Administrative Code.

2701.3.1 Objective. The objective of paragraph (A)(3)(2701.3) of this rule is to protect people and property from the consequences of unauthorized discharge, fires or explosions involving hazardous materials.

2701.3.2 Functional statements. Performance-based design alternatives are based on the following functional statements:

1. Provide safeguards to minimize the risk of unwanted releases, fires or explosions involving hazardous materials.
2. Provide safeguards to minimize the consequences of an unsafe condition involving hazardous materials during normal operations and in the event of an abnormal condition.

2701.3.3 Performance requirements. When safeguards, systems, documentation, written plans or procedures, audits, process hazards analysis, mitigation measures, engineering controls or construction features are required by paragraphs (A)(3)(c)(i)(2701.3.3.1) to (A)(3)(c)(xviii)(2701.3.3.18) of this rule, the details of the design alternative shall be subject to approval by the fire code official. The details of actions granting the use of the design alternatives shall be recorded and entered in the files of the jurisdiction.

2701.3.3.1 Properties of hazardous materials. The physical and health-hazard properties of hazardous materials on site shall be known and shall be made readily available to employees, neighbors and the fire code official.

2701.3.3.2 Reliability of equipment and operations. Equipment and operations involving hazardous materials shall be designed, installed and maintained to ensure that they reliably operate as intended.

2701.3.3.3 Prevention of unintentional reaction or release. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of an unintentional reaction or release that could endanger people or property.

2701.3.3.4 Spill mitigation. Spill containment systems or means to render a spill harmless to people or property shall be provided where a spill is determined to be a plausible event and where such an event would endanger people or property.

2701.3.3.5 Ignition hazards. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of exposing combustible hazardous materials to unintended sources of ignition.

2701.3.3.6 Protection of hazardous materials. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of exposing hazardous materials to a fire or physical damage whereby such exposure could endanger or lead to the endangerment of people or property.

2701.3.3.7 Exposure hazards. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of and limit damage from a fire or explosion involving explosive hazardous materials whereby such fire or explosion could endanger or lead to the endangerment of people or property.

2701.3.3.8 Detection of gas or vapor release. Where a release of hazardous materials gas or vapor would cause immediate harm to persons or property, means of mitigating the dangerous effects of a release shall be provided.

2701.3.3.9 Reliable power source. Where a power supply is relied upon to prevent or control an emergency condition that could endanger people or property, the power supply shall be from a reliable source.

2701.3.3.10 Ventilation. Where ventilation is necessary to limit the risk of creating an emergency condition resulting from normal or abnormal operations, means of ventilation shall be provided.

2701.3.3.11 Process hazard analyses. Process hazard analyses shall be conducted to ensure reasonably the protection of people and property from dangerous conditions involving hazardous materials.

2701.3.3.12 Pre-startup safety review. Written documentation of pre-startup safety review procedures shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are initiated in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve participation of affected employees.

2701.3.3.13 Operating and emergency procedures. Written documentation of operating procedures and procedures for emergency shut down shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are conducted in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve participation of affected employees.

2701.3.3.14 Management of change. A written plan for management of change shall be developed and enforced. The process of developing and updating the plan shall involve the participation of affected employees.

2701.3.3.15 Emergency response plan. A written emergency response plan shall be developed to ensure that proper actions are taken in the event of an emergency, and the plan shall be followed if an emergency condition occurs. The process of developing and updating the plan shall involve the participation of affected employees.

2701.3.3.16 Accident procedures. Written procedures for investigation and documentation of accidents shall be developed, and accidents shall be investigated and documented in accordance with these procedures.

2701.3.3.17 Consequence analysis. Where an accidental release of hazardous materials could endanger people or property, either on or off-site, an analysis of the expected consequences of a plausible release shall be performed and utilized in the analysis and selection of active and passive hazard mitigation controls.

2701.3.3.18 Safety audits. Safety audits shall be conducted on a periodic basis to verify compliance with the requirements of this paragraph.

…

2701.5 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in rule 1301:7-7-01 of the Administrative Code. When a permit is required to permanently close a storage, use or handling facility, the fire code official is authorized to require that the application be accompanied by a facility closure plan in accordance with paragraph (A)(6)(c)(2701.6.3) of this rule.

2701.5.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Where required by the fire code official, an application for a permit shall include a “Hazardous Materials Management Plan” (HMMP). The “HMMP” shall include a facility site plan designating the following:

1. Access to each storage and use area.
2. Location of emergency equipment.
3. Location where liaison will meet emergency responders.
4. Facility evacuation meeting point locations.
5. The general purpose of other areas within the building.
6. Location of all aboveground and underground tanks and their appurtenances including, but not limited to, sumps, vaults, below-grade treatment systems and piping.
7. The hazard classes in each area.
8. Locations of all control areas and Group H occupancies.
9. Emergency exits.

2701.5.2 “Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement” (“HMIS”). Where required by the fire code official, an application for a permit shall include an “HMIS”, such as “Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986” (“SARA”) Title III, Tier II Report, or other approved statement. The “HMIS” shall include the following information:

1. Product name.
2. Component.
3. “Chemical Abstract Service” (“CAS”) number.
4. Location where stored or used.
5. Container size.
6. Hazard classification.
7. Amount in storage.
8. Amount in use-closed systems.
9. Amount in use-open systems.

…

Section 2703 General requirements

2703.1 Scope. The storage, use and handling of all hazardous materials shall be in accordance with this paragraph.

2703.1.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area. The maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be as specified in Tables 2703.1.1(1) to 2703.1.1(4) of this rule. For retail and wholesale storage and display in Group M occupancies and Group S storage, see paragraph (C)(11)(2703.11) of this rule.

2703.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and when the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

2703.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(1) to 2703.1.1(4) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701) and (C)(2703) of this rule.

2703.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(1) to 2703.1.1(4) of this rule shall be in accordance with this rule.

Table 2703.1.1(1)
Table 2703.1.1(2)
Table 2703.1.1(3)
Table 2703.1.1(4)

2703.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(2)(a)(2703.2.1) to (C)(2)(h)(2703.2.8) of this rule.

2703.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with this code and other approved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.2.2 Piping, tubing, valves and fittings. Piping, tubing, valves and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code or other approved standards and shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(2)(b)(i)(2703.2.2.1) and (C)(2)(b)(ii)(2703.2.2.2) of this rule.

2703.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:

(a) Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and fabricated from materials that are compatible with the material to be contained and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress and exposure to which they are subject.
(b) Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code to indicate the material conveyed.
(c) Readily accessible manual valves or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing at the following locations:

1. The point of use.
2. The tank, cylinder or bulk source.

(d) Manual emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the location shall be clearly visible, accessible and indicated by means of a sign.
(e) Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided when the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.
(f) Where gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of:

Health Class 3 or 4
Flammability Class 4
Instability Class 3 or 4
in accordance with NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code are carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa), an approved means of leak detection and emergency shutoff or excess flow control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk source, the excess flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as practical.

Exceptions:
1. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
2. Piping for pressure relief devices.

2703.2.2.2 Additional regulations for supply piping for health-hazard materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeand the following:

1. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of highly toxic, toxic or highly volatile corrosive liquids and gases shall have welded, threaded or flanged connections throughout except for connections located within a ventilated enclosure if the material is a gas, or an approved method of drainage or containment is provided for connections if the material is a liquid.
2. Piping and tubing shall not be located within corridors, within any portion of a means of egress required to be enclosed in a fire-resistance-rated construction or in concealed spaces in areas not classified as Group H occupancies.

Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and the floor or roof above or in concealed spaces above other occupancies when installed in accordance with section 415.8.6.3 of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codefor Group H-5 occupancies.

2703.2.3 Equipment, machinery and alarms. Equipment machinery and required detection and alarm systems associated with the use, storage or handling of hazardous materials shall be approved.

2703.2.4 Installation of tanks. Installation of tanks shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(2)(d)(i)(2703.2.4.1) to (C)(2)(d)(ii)(a)(2703.2.4.2.1) of this rule.

2703.2.4.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks used for the storage of liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with secondary containment. In lieu of providing secondary containment for an underground tank, an aboveground tank in an underground vault complying with paragraph (D)(2)(h)(3404.2.8) of rule 1301:7-7-34 of the Administrative Code shall be permitted.

2703.2.4.2 Aboveground tanks. Aboveground stationary tanks used for the storage of hazardous materials shall be located and protected in accordance with the requirements for outdoor storage of the particular material involved as provided by this code.

Exception: Aboveground tanks that are installed in vaults complying with paragraph (C)(16)(3003.16) of rule 1301:7-7-30 of the Administrative Code or paragraph (D)(2)(h)(3404.2.8) of rule 1301:7-7-34 of the Administrative Codeshall not be required to comply with location and protection requirements for outdoor storage.

2703.2.4.2.1 Marking. Aboveground stationary tanks shall be marked as required by paragraph (C)(5)(2703.5) of this rule.

2703.2.5 Empty containers and tanks. Empty containers and tanks previously used for the storage of hazardous materials shall be free from residual material and vapor as defined by DOTⁿ, the “Resource Conservation and Recovery Act” (“RCRA”) or other regulating authority or maintained as specified for the storage of hazardous material.

2703.2.6 Maintenance. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (C)(2)(c)(2703.2.3) of this rule, equipment machinery and required detection and alarm systems associated with hazardous materials shall be maintained in an operable condition. Defective containers, cylinders and tanks shall be removed from service, repaired or disposed of in an approved manner. Defective equipment or machinery shall be removed from service and repaired or replaced. Required detection and alarm systems shall be replaced or repaired where defective.
2703.2.6.1 Tanks out of service for 90 days. Stationary tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in an approved manner. Such tanks shall have the fill line, gauge opening and pump connection secured against tampering. Vent lines shall be properly maintained.

2703.2.6.1.1 Return to service. Tanks that are to be placed back in service shall be tested in an approved manner.

2703.2.6.2 Defective containers and tanks. Defective containers and tanks shall be removed from service, repaired in accordance with approved standards or disposed of in an approved manner.

2703.2.7 Liquid-level limit control. Atmospheric tanks having a capacity greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) and which contain hazardous material liquids shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit control or other approved means to prevent overfilling of the tank.

2703.2.8 Seismic protection. Machinery and equipment utilizing hazardous materials shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code for the seismic design category in which the machinery or equipment is classified.

2703.2.9 Testing. The equipment, devices and systems listed in paragraph (C)(2)(i)(i)(2703.2.9.1) of this rule shall be tested at the time of installation and at one of the intervals listed in paragraph (C)(2)(i)(ii)(2703.2.9.2) of this rule. Written records of the tests conducted or maintenance performed shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (G)(2)(a)(107.2.1) of rule 1301:7-7-01 of the Administrative Code.

Exceptions:
1. Periodic testing shall not be required where approved written documentation is provided stating that testing will damage the equipment, device or system and the equipment, device or system is maintained as specified by the manufacturer.
2. Periodic testing shall not be required for equipment, devices and systems that fail in a fail-safe manner.
3. Periodic testing shall not be required for equipment, devices and systems that self-diagnose and report trouble. Records of the self-diagnosis and trouble reporting shall be made available to the fire code official.
4. Periodic testing shall not be required if system activation occurs during the required test cycle for the components activated during the test cycle.
5. Approved maintenance in accordance with paragraph (C)(2)(f)(2703.2.6) of this rule that is performed not less than annually or in accordance with an approved schedule shall be allowed to meet the testing requirements set forth in paragraphs (C)(2)(i)(i)(2703.2.9.1) and (C)(2)(i)(ii)(2703.2.9.2) of this rule.

2703.2.9.1 Equipment, devices and systems requiring testing. The following equipment, systems and devices shall be tested in accordance with paragraphs (C)(2)(i)(2703.2.9) and (C)(2’)(i’)(ii’)(2703.2.9.2) of this rule.

(a) Gas detection systems, alarms and automatic emergency shutoff valves required by paragraph (D)(2)(b)(x)(3704.2.2.10) of rule 1301:7-7-37of the Administrative Code.

(b) Limit control systems for liquid level, temperature and pressure required by paragraphs (C)(2)(g)(2703.2.7), (D)(8)(2704.8) and (E)(1)(d)(2705.1.4) of this rule.

(c) Emergency alarm systems and supervision required by paragraphs (D)(9)(2704.9) and (E)(4)(d)(2705.4.4) of this rule.

(d) Monitoring and supervisory systems required by paragraphs (D)(10)(2704.10) and (E)(1)(f)(2705.1.6) of this rule.

(e) Manually activated shutdown controls required by paragraph (C)(1)(a)(i)(4103.1.1.1) of rule 1301:7-7-41 of the Administrative Code for compressed gas systems conveying pyrophoric gases.

2703.2.9.2 Testing frequency. The equipment systems and devices listed in paragraph (2703.2.9.1) of this rule shall be tested at one of the frequencies listed below:

(a) Not less than annually;

(b) In accordance with the approved manufacturers’ requirements;

(d) In accordance with an approved schedule.

2703.3 Release of hazardous materials. Hazardous materials in any quantity shall not be released into a sewer, storm drain, ditch, drainage canal, creek, stream, river, lake or tidal waterway or on the ground, sidewalk, street, highway or into the atmosphere.

Exceptions:
1. The release or emission of hazardous materials is allowed when in compliance with federal, state or local governmental agencies, regulations or permits.
2. The release of pesticides is allowed when used in accordance with registered label directions.
3. The release of fertilizer and soil amendments is allowed when used in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.

2703.3.1 Unauthorized discharges. When hazardous materials are released in quantities reportable under state, federal or local regulations, the fire code official shall be notified and the following procedures required in accordance with paragraphs (C)(3)(a)(i)(2703.3.1.1) to (C)(3)(a)(iv)(2703.3.1.4) of this rule.

2703.3.1.1 Records. Accurate records shall be kept of the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials by the responsible person.

2703.3.1.2 Preparation. Provisions shall be made for controlling and mitigating unauthorized discharges.

2703.3.1.3 Control. When an unauthorized discharge caused by primary container failure is discovered, the involved primary container shall be repaired or removed from service.

2703.3.1.4 Responsibility for cleanup. The person, firm or corporation responsible for an unauthorized discharge shall institute and complete all actions necessary to remedy the effects of such unauthorized discharge, whether sudden or gradual, at no cost to the jurisdiction. When deemed necessary by the fire code official, cleanup may be initiated by the fire department or by an authorized individual or firm. Costs associated with such cleanup shall be borne by the owner, operator or other person responsible for the unauthorized discharge.

2703.4 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be readily available on the premises for hazardous materials regulated by this rule. When a hazardous substance is developed in a laboratory, available information shall be documented.

Exception: Designated hazardous waste.

2703.5 Hazard identification signs. Unless otherwise exempted by the fire code official, visible hazard identification signs as specified in NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code for the specific material contained shall be placed on stationary containers and aboveground tanks and at entrances to locations where hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, used or handled in quantities requiring a permit and at specific entrances and locations designated by the fire code official.

2703.5.1 Markings. Individual containers, cartons or packages shall be conspicuously marked or labeled in an approved manner. Rooms or cabinets containing compressed gases shall be conspicuously labeled: “COMPRESSED GAS.”

2703.6 Signs. Unless otherwise provided for in NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code, signs and markings required by paragraphs (C)(5)(2703.5) and (C)(5)(a)(2703.5.1) of this rule shall not be obscured or removed, shall be in English as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code, shall be durable, and the size, color and lettering shall be approved.

2703.7 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition shall comply with paragraphs (C)(7)(a)(2703.7.1) to (C)(7)(c)(2703.7.3) of this rule.

2703.7.1 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited and “No Smoking” signs provided as follows:

1. In rooms or areas where hazardous materials are stored or dispensed or used in open systems in amounts requiring a permit in accordance with paragraph (A)(5)(2701.5) of this rule.
2. Within 25 feet (7620 mm) of outdoor storage, dispensing or open use areas.
3. Facilities or areas within facilities that have been designated as totally “no smoking” shall have “No Smoking” signs placed at all entrances to the facility or area. Designated areas within such facilities where smoking is permitted either permanently or temporarily, shall be identified with signs designating that smoking is permitted in these areas only.
4. In rooms or areas where flammable or combustible hazardous materials are stored, dispensed or used.
5. Signs required by this paragraph shall be in English as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code and shall comply with paragraph (J)(310) of rule 1301:7-7-03 of the Administrative Code

2703.7.2 Open flames. Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not be used in a manner which creates a hazardous condition and shall be listed for use with the hazardous materials stored or used.

2703.7.3 Industrial trucks. Powered industrial trucks used in areas designated as hazardous (classified) locations in accordance with NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code shall be listed and labeled for use in the environment intended in accordance with NFPA 505 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.8 Construction requirements. Buildings, control areas, enclosures and cabinets for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(8)(a)(2703.8.1) to (C)(8)(f)(iii)(2703.8.6.3) of this rule.

2703.8.1 Buildings. Buildings, or portions thereof, in which hazardous materials are stored, handled or used shall be constructed in accordance with the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.8.2 Required detached storage. Group H occupancies containing quantities of hazardous materials in excess of those set forth in Table 2703.8.2 of this rule shall be in detached buildings.

2703.8.3 Control areas. Control areas shall comply with paragraphs (C)(8)(c)(i)(2703.8.3.1) to (C)(8)(c)(v)(2703.8.3.5) of this rule.

2703.8.3.1 Construction requirements. Control areas shall be separated from each other by fire barriers constructed in accordance with section 707 of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeor horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with section 712 of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code,or both.

2703.8.3.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities. The percentage of maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials per control area allowed at each floor level within a building shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2 of this rule.

Table 2703.8.3.2

2703.8.3.3 Number. The maximum number of control areas per floor within a building shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2 of this rule.

2703.8.3.4 Fire-resistance rating requirements. The required fire-resistance rating for fire barriers shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2 of this rule. The floor assembly of the control area and construction supporting the floor of the control area shall have a minimum 2-hour fire-resistance rating.

Exception: The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area is allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance rated in buildings of Type IIA, IIIA and VA construction provided that both of the following conditions exist:

1. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with paragraph (C)(3)(a)(i)(903.3.1.1) of rule 1301:7-7-09 of the Administrative Code; and

2. The building is three stories or less above grade plane.

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2703.8.4 Gas rooms. Where a gas room is provided to comply with the provisions of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code,the gas room shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(8)(d)(i)(2703.8.4.1) and (C)(8)(d)(ii)(2703.8.4.2) of this rule.

2703.8.4.1 Construction. Gas rooms shall be protected with an automatic sprinkler system. Gas rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building in accordance with the requirements of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codebased on the occupancy group into which it has been classified.

2703.8.4.2 Ventilation system. The ventilation system for gas rooms shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with paragraph (D)(2)(b)(vi)(3704.2.2.6) of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.8.5 Exhausted enclosures. Where an exhausted enclosure is used to increase maximum allowable quantity per control area or when the location of hazardous materials in exhausted enclosures is provided to comply with the provisions of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code,the exhausted enclosure shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(8)(e)(i)(2703.8.5.1) to (C)(8)(e)(iii)(2703.8.5.3) of this rule.

2703.8.5.1 Construction. Exhausted enclosures shall be of noncombustible construction.

2703.8.5.2 Ventilation. The ventilation system for exhausted enclosures shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Ventilation systems used for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with (i), (ii) and (iii) of paragraph (D)(1)(b)(3704.1.2) of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.8.5.3 Fire-extinguishing system. Exhausted enclosures where flammable materials are used shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with rule 1301:7-7-09 of the Administrative Code.

2703.8.6 Gas cabinets. Where a gas cabinet is used to increase the maximum allowable quantity per control area or when the location of compressed gases in gas cabinets is provided to comply with the provisions of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code,the gas cabinet shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(8)(f)(i)(2703.8.6.1) to (C)(8)(f)(iii)(2703.8.6.3) of this rule.

2703.8.6.1 Construction. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with the following:

(a) Constructed of not less than 0.097-inch (2.5 mm) (No. 12 gage) steel.

(b) Be provided with self-closing limited access ports or noncombustible windows to give access to equipment controls.

(d) Gas cabinet interiors shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entire interior of the cabinet.

2703.8.6.2 Ventilation. The ventilation system for gas cabinets shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Ventilation systems used for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with paragraphs (D)(1)(b)(i)(3704.1.2) to (D)(1)(b)(iii)(3704.1.2) of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.8.6.3 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabinet. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet shall not exceed three.

2703.8.7 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. Where storage cabinets are used to increase maximum allowable quantity per control area or to comply with this rule, such cabinets shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(8)(g)(i)(2703.8.7.1) and (C)(8)(g)(ii)(2703.8.7.2) of this rule.

2703.8.7.1 Construction. The interior of cabinets shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous material stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entire interior of the cabinet. Cabinets shall either be listed in accordance with UL 1275 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeas suitable for the intended storage or constructed in accordance with the following:

(a) Cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not less than 0.0478 inch (1.2 mm)(No. 18 gage). The cabinet, including the door, shall be double walled with 1½ -inch (38 mm) airspace between the walls. Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tight fitting. Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a self-latching device.

(b) The bottoms of cabinets utilized for the storage of liquids shall be liquid tight to a minimum height of 2 inches (51 mm).

Electrical equipment and devices within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids shall be in accordance with NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.8.7.2 Warning markings. Cabinets shall be clearly identified in an approved manner with red letters on a contrasting background to read: “HAZARDOUS-KEEP FIRE AWAY.”

2703.9 General safety precautions. General precautions for the safe storage, handling or care of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(9)(a)(2703.9.1) to (C)(9)(j)(2703.9.10) of this rule.

2703.9.1 Personnel training and written procedures. Persons responsible for the operation of areas in which hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, handled or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of fire, leak or spill.

2703.9.1.1 Fire department liaison. Responsible persons shall be designated and trained to be liaison personnel to the fire department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency responses and identifying the locations where hazardous materials are located, and shall have access to “Material Safety Data Sheets” and be knowledgeable in the site’s emergency response procedures.

2703.9.2 Security. Storage, dispensing, use and handling areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded against inappropriate public access.

2703.9.3 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect storage tanks and connected piping, valves and fittings; dispensing areas; and use areas subject to vehicular damage in accordance with paragraph (L)(312) of rule 1301:7-7-03 of the Administrative Code.

2703.9.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2703.9.5 Static accumulation. When processes or conditions exist where a flammable mixture could be ignited by static electricity, means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of a static charge.

2703.9.6 Protection from light. Materials that are sensitive to light shall be stored in containers designed to protect them from such exposure.

2703.9.7 Shock padding. Materials that are shock sensitive shall be padded, suspended or otherwise protected against accidental dislodgment and dislodgment during seismic activity.

2703.9.8 Separation of incompatible materials. Incompatible materials in storage and storage of materials that are incompatible with materials in use shall be separated when the stored materials are in containers having a capacity of more than 5 pounds (2 kg) or 0.5 gallon (2 L). Separation shall be accomplished by:

1. Segregating incompatible materials in storage by a distance of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).
2. Isolating incompatible materials in storage by a noncombustible partition extending not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above and to the sides of the stored material.
3. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storage cabinets.
4. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures in accordance with paragraphs (C)(8)(e)(2703.8.5) and (C)(8)(f)(2703.8.6) of this rule. Materials that are incompatible shall not be stored within the same cabinet or exhausted enclosure.

2703.9.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codefor the seismic zone in which the material is located. Shelving shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard when used for the storage of individual containers.

Exceptions:

1. Storage in hazardous material storage cabinets or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.

2. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with paragraph (A)(5)(2701.5) of this rule.

Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an orderly manner.

2703.9.10 Safety cans. Safety cans shall be listed in accordance with UL 30 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code when used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area of flammable or combustible liquids in accordance with Table 2703.1.1(1) of this rule. Safety cans listed in accordance with UL 1313 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code are allowed for flammable and combustible liquids when not used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area and for other hazardous material liquids in accordance with the listing.

2703.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (C)(2)(2703.2) of this rule, the handling and transportation of hazardous materials in corridors or exit enclosures shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(10)(a)(2703.10.1) to (C)(10)(c)(vi)(2703.10.3.6) of this rule.

2703.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protective caps in place. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have their valve outlets capped or plugged with an approved closure device in accordance with rule 1301:7-7-30 of the Administrative Code.

2703.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in containers exceeding 5 gallons (19 L) in a corridor or exit enclosure shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeand transported within corridors or exit enclosures, shall be on a cart or truck. Where carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with paragraph (C)(10)(c)(2703.10.3) of this rule.

Exceptions:

1. Two hazardous material liquid containers, which are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers.

2. Not more than four containers not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) each, which are transported by suitable carts or trucks.

3. Containers and cylinders of compressed gases, which are transported by approved hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (11 kg), which are hand carried.

4. Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg), which are transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg), which is hand carried.

2703.10.3 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks required by paragraph (C)(10)(b)(2703.10.2) of this rule to be used to transport hazardous materials shall be in accordance with paragraphs (C)(10)(c)(i)(2703.10.3.1) to (C)(10)(c)(vi)(2703.10.3.6) of this rule.

2703.10.3.1 Design. Carts and trucks used to transport hazardous materials shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgment. Compressed gas cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually restrained.

2703.10.3.2 Speed-control devices. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device that will enable the operator to control safely movement by providing stops or speed-reduction devices.

2703.10.3.3 Construction. Construction materials for hazardous material carts or trucks shall be compatible with the material transported. The cart or truck shall be of substantial construction.

2703.10.3.4 Spill control. Carts and trucks transporting liquids shall be capable of containing a spill from the largest single container transported.

2703.10.3.5 Attendance. Carts and trucks used to transport materials shall not obstruct or be left unattended within any part of a means of egress.

2703.10.3.6 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials shall not be transported on the same cart or truck.

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2703.12 Outdoor control areas. Outdoor control areas for hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per outdoor control area shall be in accordance with the following:

(a)Outdoor control areas shall be kept free from weeds, debris and common combustible materials not necessary to the storage. The area surrounding an outdoor control area shall be kept clear of such materials for a minimum of 15 feet (4572 mm).

(b) Outdoor control areas shall be located not closer than 20 feet (6096 mm) from a lot line that can be built upon, public street, public alley or public way. A 2-hour fire-resistance-rated wall without openings extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance.

(c) Where a property exceeds 10,000 square feet (929 m2), a group of two outdoor control areas is allowed when approved and when each control area is separated by a minimum distance of 50 feet (15 240 mm).

(d) Where a property exceeds 35,000 square feet (3252 m2), additional groups of outdoor control areas are allowed when approved and when each group is separated by a minimum distance of 300 feet (91 440 mm).

(D) Section 2704 Storage

2704.1 Scope. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in paragraph (C)(1)(2703.1) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701), (C)(2703) and (D)(2704) of this rule. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in paragraph (C)(1)(2703.1) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701) and (C)(2703) of this rule. Retail and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and nonflammable and noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in Group M occupancies and Group S storage shall be in accordance with paragraph (C)(1 1)(2703.11) of this rule.

2704.2 Spill control and secondary containment for liquid and solid hazardous materials. Rooms, buildings or areas used for the storage of liquid or solid hazardous materials shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with paragraphs (D)(2)(a)(2704.2.1) to (D)(2)(c)(2704.2.3) of this rule.

Exception: Outdoor storage of containers on containment pallets in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(c)(2704.2.3) of this rule.

2704.2.1 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Rooms, buildings or areas used for the storage of hazardous material liquids in individual vessels having a capacity of more than 55 gallons (208 L), or in which the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L), shall be provided with spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the following methods:

1. Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations.
2. Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or dikes.
3. Sumps and collection systems.
4. Other approved engineered systems.

Except for surfacing, the floors, sills, dikes, sumps and collection systems shall be constructed of noncombustible material, and the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the material stored. When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they are not required at perimeter openings having an open-grate trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection system.

2704.2.2 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids and solids. Where required by Table 2704.2.2 of this rule buildings, rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids or solids shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with this paragraph when the capacity of an individual vessel or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds the following:

1. Liquids: Capacity of an individual vessel exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L); and

2. Solids: Capacity of an individual vessel exceeds 550 pounds (250 kg) or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 10,000 pounds (4540 kg).

2704.2.2.1 Containment and drainage methods. The building, room or area shall contain or drain the hazardous materials and fire protection water through the use of one of the following methods:

(a) Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations.

(b) Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations provided with liquid-tight raised orrecessed sills or dikes.

(d) Drainage systems leading to an approved location.

(e) Other approved engineered systems.

2704.2.2.2 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials used in open systems shall be separated from each other in the secondary containment system.

2704.2.2.3 Indoor design. Secondary containment for indoor storage areas shall be designed to contain a spill from the largest vessel plus the design flow volume of fire protection water calculated to discharge from the fire-extinguishing system over the minimum required system design area or area of the room or area in which the storage is located, whichever is smaller. The containment capacity shall be designed to contain the flow for a period of 20 minutes.

2704.2.2.4 Outdoor design. Secondary containment for outdoor storage areas shall be designed to contain a spill from the largest individual vessel. If the secondary containment area is open to rainfall, the secondary containment area shall be designed to include the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as determined by a 25-year storm and provisions shall be made to drain accumulations of groundwater and rainwater.

2704.2.2.5 Monitoring. An approved monitoring method shall be provided to detect hazardous materials in the secondary containment system. The monitoring method is allowed to be visual inspection of the primary or secondary containment or other approved means. Where secondary containment is subject to the intrusion of water, a monitoring method for detecting water shall be provided. Where monitoring devices are provided, they shall be connected to approved visual or audible alarms.

2704.2.2.6 Drainage system design. Drainage systems shall be in accordance with the plumbing code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeand all of the following:

(a) The slope of floors to drains in indoor locations, or similar areas in outdoor locations shall not be less than 1 per cent.

(b) Drains from indoor storage areas shall be sized to carry the volume of the fire protection water as determined by the design density discharged from the automatic fire- extinguishing system over the minimum required system design area or area of the room or area in which the storage is located, whichever is smaller.

(c) Drains from outdoor storage areas shall be sized to carry the volume of the fire flow and the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as determined by a 25-year storm.

(d) Materials of construction of drainage systems shall be compatible with the materials stored.

(e) Incompatible materials used in open systems shall be separated from each other in the drainage system.

(f) Drains shall terminate in an approved location away from buildings, valves, means of egress, fire access roadways, adjoining property and storm drains.

2704.2.3 Containment pallets. When used as an alternative to spill control and secondary containment for outdoor storage in accordance with the exception in paragraph (D)(2)(2704.2) of this rule, containment pallets shall comply with all of the following:

1. A liquid-tight sump accessible for visual inspection shall be provided.
2. The sump shall be designed to contain not less than 66 gallons (250 L).
3. Exposed surfaces shall be compatible with material stored.
4. Containment of pallets shall be protected to prevent collection of rainwater within the sump.

2704.3 Ventilation. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall be provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural ventilation where natural ventilation can be shown to be acceptable for the materials as stored.

Exception: Storage areas for flammable solids complying with rule 1301:7-7-36 of the Administrative Code.

2704.3.1 System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems shall comply with ALL of the following:

1. Installation shall be in accordance with the mechanical code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.
2. Mechanical ventilation shall be at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s.m2)] of floor area over the storage area.
3. Systems shall operate continuously unless alternative designs are approved.
4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of the room in a position adjacent to the access door to the room or in an approved location. The switch shall be a break-glass or other approved type and shall be labeled: “VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.”
5. Exhaust ventilation shall be designed to consider the density of the potential fumes or vapors released. For fumes or vapors that are heavier than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor. For fumes or vapors that are lighter than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the highest point of the room.
6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
7. Exhaust air shall not be recirculated to occupied areas if the materials stored are capable of emitting hazardous vapors and contaminants have not been removed. Air contaminated with explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts; flammable, highly toxic or toxic gases; or radioactive materials shall not be recirculated.

2704.4 Separation of incompatible hazardous materials. Incompatible materials shall be separated in accordance with paragraph (C)(9)(h)(2703.9.8) of this rule.

2704.5 Automatic sprinkler systems. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with paragraph (C)(3)(a)(i)(903.3.1.1) of rule 1301:7-7-09 of the Administrative Code.The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m2). Where the materials or storage arrangement are required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.

2704.6 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with paragraph (K)(911) of rule 1301:7-7-09 of the Administrative Code.

2704.7 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required, such systems shall be provided with an emergency or standby power system in accordance with NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeand paragraph (D)(604) of rule 1301:7-7-06 of the Administrative Code.

Exceptions:

1. Mechanical ventilation for storage of Class IB and Class IC flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding 6½ gallons (25 L) capacity.
2. Storage areas for Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
3. Storage areas for Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
4. Storage areas for asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.
5. For storage areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see paragraphs (D)(2)(b)(viii)(3704.2.2.8) and (D)(3)(d)(ii)(3704.3.4.2) of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.
6. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.

2704.8 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with paragraphs (D)(8)(a)(2704.8.1) and (D)(8)(b)(2704.8.2) of this rule.

2704.8.1 Temperature control. Materials that must be kept at temperatures other than normal ambient temperatures to prevent a hazardous reaction shall be provided with an approved means to maintain the temperature within a safe range. Redundant temperature control equipment that will operate on failure of the primary temperature control system shall be provided. Where approved, alternative means that prevent a hazardous reaction are allowed.

2704.8.2 Pressure control. Stationary tanks and equipment containing hazardous material liquids that can generate pressure exceeding design limits because of exposure fires or internal reaction, shall have some form of construction or other approved means that will relieve excessive internal pressure. The means of pressure relief shall vent to an approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system where required by rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.

2704.9 Emergency alarm. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.

2704.10 Supervision. Emergency alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by paragraph (D)(2704) of this rule shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.

2704.11 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of weeds, debris and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage for a minimum distance of 25 feet (7620 mm).

2704.12 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction.

2704.13 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage areas, such storage shall not be considered indoor storage when the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required by the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

Exception: Storage of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor storage.

Section 2705 Use, dispensing and handling

2705.1 General. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in paragraph (C)(1)(2703.1) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701), (C)(2703) and (E)(2705) of this rule. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in paragraph (C)(1)(2703.1) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701) and (C)(2703) of this rule.

2705.1.1 Separation of incompatible materials. Separation of incompatible materials shall be in accordance with paragraph (C)(9)(h)(2703.9.8) of this rule.

2705.1.2 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of areas where liquid or solid hazardous materials are dispensed or used in open systems shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight construction.

2705.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by other provisions of paragraph (E)(2705) of this rule, spill control and secondary containment shall be provided for hazardous material liquids in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(2704.2) of this rule.

2705.1.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with paragraphs (E)(1)(d)(i)(2705.1.4.1) to (E)(1)(d)(iv)(2705.1.4.4) of this rule.

2705.1.4.1 High-liquid-level control. Open tanks in which liquid hazardous materials are used shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit control or other means to prevent overfilling of the tank.

2705.1.4.2 Low-liquid-level control. Approved safeguards shall be provided to prevent a low-liquid level in a tank from creating a hazardous condition, including but not limited to, overheating of a tank or its contents.

2705.1.4.3 Temperature control. Temperature control shall be provided in accordance with paragraph (D)(8)(a)(2704.8.1) of this rule.

2705.1.4.4 Pressure control. Pressure control shall be provided in accordance with paragraph (D)(8)(b)(2704.8.2) of this rule.

2705.1.5 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, manual alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required, such systems shall be provided with an emergency or standby power system in accordance with NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code and paragraph(D)(604) of rule 1301:7-7-06 of the Administrative Code.

Exceptions:

1. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.

2. Systems for highly toxic or toxic gases shall be provided with emergency power in accordance with paragraphs (D)(2)(b)(viii)(3704.2.2.8) and (D)(3)(d)(ii)(3704.3.4.2) of rule 1301:7-7-37 of the Administrative Code.

2705.1.6 Supervision. Manual alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by other provisions of paragraph (E)(2705) of this rule shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.

2705.1.7 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial means shall be provided.

2705.1.8 Fire-extinguishing systems. Indoor rooms or areas in which hazardous materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with rule 1301:7-7-09 of the Administrative Code.Sprinkler system design shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard, Group 2, with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m2). Where the materials or storage arrangement are required by other regulations to be provided with higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.

2705.1.9 Ventilation. Indoor dispensing and use areas shall be provided with exhaust ventilation in accordance with paragraph (D)(3)(2704.3) of this rule.

Exception: Ventilation is not required for dispensing and use of flammable solids other than finely divided particles.

2705.1.10 Liquid transfer. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeshall be transferred by one of the following methods:

1. From safety cans complying with UL 30 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.
2. Through an approved closed piping system.
3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suction through an opening in the top of the container or tank.
4. From containers or tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing or automatic-closing valve when the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with paragraph (D)(2’)(2704.2’) of this rule. Highly toxic liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks.
5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems.

Exceptions:

1. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 4 when dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).

2. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 when dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 5.3 gallons (20 L).

2705.1.11 Design. Systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by persons competent in such design. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving the process or reaction system at other than the intended time, rate, or path. Where failure of an automatic control could result in a dangerous condition or reaction, the automatic control shall be fail-safe.

2705.2 Indoor dispensing and use. Indoor dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in buildings complying with the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeand in accordance with paragraph (E)(1)(2705.1) and paragraphs (E)(2)(a)(2705.2.1) to (E)(2)(b)(iv)(2705.2.2.4) of this rule

.2705.2.1 Open systems. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials in open containers or systems shall be in accordance with paragraphs (E)(2)(a)(i)(2705.2.1.1) to (E)(2)(a)(iv)(2705.2.1.4) of this rule.

2705.2.1.1 Ventilation. Where gases, liquids or solids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeare dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided to capture gases, fumes, mists or vapors at the point of generation.

Exception: Gases, liquids or solids that can be demonstrated not to create harmful gases, fumes, mists or vapors.

2705.2.1.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with paragraph (D)(6)(2704.6) of this rule when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.

2705.2.1.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed into vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(a)(2704.2.1) of this rule.

2705.2.1.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4 of this rule, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(b)(2704.2.2) of this rule when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

(a) Individual vessel or system: greater than 1.3 gallons (5 L).

(b) Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 5.3 gallons (20 L).

Table 2705.2.1.4

2705.2.2 Closed systems. Use of hazardous materials in closed containers or systems shall be in accordance with paragraphs (E)(2)(b)(i)(2705.2.2.1) to (E)(2)(b)(iv)(2705.2.2.4) of this rule.

2705.2.2.1 Ventilation. Where closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with paragraph (E)(2)(a)(i)(2705.2.1.1) of this rule.

2705.2.2.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with paragraph (D)(6)(2704.6) of this rule where an explosive environment exists because of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.

Exception: Where process vessels are designed to contain fully the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process conditions based on the most likely failure.

2705.2.2.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in individual vessels exceeding a 55-gallon (208 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(a)(2704.2.1) of this rule.

2705.2.2.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4 of this rule, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in vessels or systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(b)(2704.2.2) of this rule when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

(a) Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).

(b) Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).

2705.3 Outdoor dispensing and use. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials outdoors shall be in accordance with paragraphs (E)(3)(a)(2705.3.1) to (E)(3)(i)(2705.3.9) of this rule.

2705.3.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(3) and 2703.1.1(4) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701), (C)(2703), (E)(1)(2705.1) and (E)(3)(2705.3) of this rule.

2705.3.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(3) and 2703.1.1(4) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701) and (C)(2703) of this rule.

2705.3.3 Location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in accordance with paragraph (D)(2704) of this rule.

2705.3.4 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed into vessels exceeding 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(a)(2704.2.1) of this rule.

2705.3.5 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4 of this rule, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(b)(2704.2.2) of this rule when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 1.3 gallons (5 L).
2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 5.3 gallons (20 L).

2705.3.6 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are used in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) shall be provided with spill control in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(a)(2704.2.1) of this rule.

2705.3.7 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4 of this rule, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in closed systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with paragraph (D)(2)(b)(2704.2.2) of this rule when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:

1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).

2705.3.8 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet (9144 mm).

2705.3.9 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material use areas, such use shall not be considered indoor use when the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required in the building code as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

Exception: Use of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor use.

2705.4 Handling. Handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with paragraphs (E)(4)(a)(2705.4.1) to (E)(4)(d)(2705.4.4) of this rule.

2705.4.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor and outdoor locations in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(1) to 2703.1.1(4) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701), (C)(2703), (E)(1)(2705.1) and (E)(4)(2705.4) of this rule.

2705.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701), (C)(2703) and (E)(1)(2705.1) of this rule. Handling of hazardous materials in outdoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(3) and 2703.1.1(4) of this rule shall be in accordance with paragraphs (A)(2701) and (C)(2703) of this rule.

2705.4.3 Location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in accordance with paragraph (D)(2704) of this rule.

2705.4.4 Emergency alarm. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Codeare transported through corridors or exit enclosures, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central station, proprietary supervising station or remote supervising station or a constantly attended on-site location and shall also initiate a local audible alarm.

Ohio Mechanical Code for Refrigeration Processes

4101:2 Board of Building Standards: Ohio Mechanical Code
4101:2-11-01 Refrigeration.

SECTION 1101 GENERAL

1101.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the design, installation, construction and repair of refrigeration systems that vaporize and liquefy a fluid during the refrigerating cycle. Refrigerant piping design and installation, including pressure vessels and pressure relief devices, shall conform to this code. Permanently installed refrigerant storage systems and other components shall be considered as part of the refrigeration system to which they are attached.

1101.2 Factory-built equipment and appliances. Listed and labeled self-contained, factory-built equipment and appliances shall be tested in accordance with UL 207, 412, 471 or 1995. Such equipment and appliances are deemed to meet the design, manufacture and factory test requirements of this code if installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

1101.3 Protection. Any portion of a refrigeration system that is subject to physical damage shall be protected in an approved manner.

1101.4 Water connection. Water supply and discharge connections associated with refrigeration systems shall be made in accordance with this code and the plumbing code.

1101.5 Fuel gas connection. Fuel gas devices, equipment and appliances used with refrigeration systems shall be installed in accordance with the “International Fuel Gas Code”.

1101.6 General. Refrigeration systems shall comply with the requirements of this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15. Ammonia-refrigerating systems shall comply with this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15 and IIAR 2.

1101.7 Maintenance. Mechanical refrigeration systems shall be maintained in proper operating condition, free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste, excessive corrosion, other debris and leaks.

1101.8 Change in refrigerant type. The type of refrigerant in refrigeration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds ( 99.8 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds ( 13.6 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall not be changed without prior notification to the code official and compliance with the applicable code provisions for the new refrigerant type.

1101.9 Refrigerant discharge. Notification of refrigerant discharge shall be provided in accordance with the fire code.

1101.10 Locking access port caps. Refrigerant circuit access ports located outdoors shall be fitted with locking-type tamper-resistant caps.

SECTION 1102 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

1102.1 General. The system classification, allowable refrigerants, maximum quantity, enclosure requirements, location limitations, and field pressure test requirements shall be determined as follows:

1. Determine the refrigeration system’s classification, in accordance with Section 1103.3.
2. Determine the refrigerant classification in accordance with Section 1103.1.
3. Determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in accordance with Section 1104, based on type of refrigerant, system classification and occupancy.
4. Determine the system enclosure requirements in accordance with Section 1104.
5. Refrigeration equipment and appliance location and installation shall be subject to the limitations of Chapter 3.
6. Nonfactory-tested, field-erected equipment and appliances shall be pressure tested in accordance with Section 1108.

1102.2 Refrigerants. The refrigerant shall be that which the equipment or appliance was designed to utilize or converted to utilize. Refrigerants not identified in Table 1103.1 shall be approved before use.

1102.2.1 Mixing. Refrigerants, including refrigerant blends, with different designations in ASHRAE 34 shall not be mixed in a system.

Exception: Addition of a second refrigerant is allowed where permitted by the equipment or appliance manufacturer to improve oil return at low temperatures. The refrigerant and amount added shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

1102.2.2 Purity. Refrigerants used in refrigeration systems shall be new, recovered or reclaimed refrigerants in accordance with Section 1102.2. 2.1, 1102.2. 2.2 or 1102.2. 2.3. Where required by the equipment or appliance owner or the code official, the installer shall furnish a signed declaration that the refrigerant used meets the requirements of Section 1102.2. 2.1, 1102.2. 2.2 or 1102.2. 2.3.

Exception: The refrigerant used shall meet the purity specifications set by the manufacturer of the equipment or appliance in which such refrigerant is used where such specifications are different from that specified in Sections 1102.2. 2.1, 1102.2. 2.2 and 1102.2. 2.3.

1102.2.2.1 New refrigerants. Refrigerants shall be of a purity level specified by the equipment or appliance manufacturer.

1102.2.2.2 Recovered refrigerants. Refrigerants that are recovered from refrigeration and air-conditioning systems shall not be reused in other than the system from which they were recovered and in other systems of the same owner. Recovered refrigerants shall be filtered and dried before reuse. Recovered refrigerants that show clear signs of contamination shall not be reused unless reclaimed in accordance with Section 1102.2. 2.3.

1102.2.2.3 Reclaimed refrigerants. Used refrigerants shall not be reused in a different owner’s equipment or appliances unless tested and found to meet the purity requirements of ARI 700. Contaminated refrigerants shall not be used unless reclaimed and found to meet the purity requirements of ARI 700.

SECTION 1103 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION

1103.1 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with ASHRAE 34 as listed in Table 1103.1.

1103.2 Occupancy classification. Locations of refrigerating systems are described by occupancy classifications that consider the ability of people to respond to potential exposure to refrigerants. Where equipment or appliances, other than piping, are located outside a building and within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any building opening, such equipment or appliances shall be governed by the occupancy classification of the building. Occupancy classifications shall be defined as follows:

1. Institutional occupancy is that portion of premises from which, because they are disabled, debilitated or confined, occupants cannot readily leave without the assistance of others. Institutional occupancies include, among others, hospitals, nursing homes, asylums and spaces containing locked cells.
2. Public assembly occupancy is that portion of premises where large numbers of people congregate and from which occupants cannot quickly vacate the space. Public assembly occupancies include, among others, auditoriums, ballrooms, classrooms, passenger depots, restaurants and theaters.
3. Residential occupancy is that portion of premises that provides the occupants with complete independent living facilities, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation. Residential occupancies include, among others, dormitories, hotels, multiunit apartments and private residences.
4. Commercial occupancy is that portion of premises where people transact business, receive personal service or purchase food and other goods. Commercial occupancies include, among others, office and professional buildings, markets (but not large mercantile occupancies) and work or storage areas that do not qualify as industrial occupancies.
5. Large mercantile occupancy is that portion of premises where more than 100 persons congregate on levels above or below street level to purchase personal merchandise.
6. Industrial occupancy is that portion of premises that is not open to the public, where access by authorized persons is controlled, and that is used to manufacture, process or store goods such as chemicals, food, ice, meat or petroleum.
7. Mixed occupancy occurs when two or more occupancies are located within the same building. When each occupancy is isolated from the rest of the building by tight walls, floors and ceilings and by self-closing doors, the requirements for each occupancy shall apply to its portion of the building. When the various occupancies are not so isolated, the occupancy having the most stringent requirements shall be the governing occupancy.

1103.3 System classification. Refrigeration systems shall be classified according to the degree of probability that refrigerant leaked from a failed connection, seal or component could enter an occupied area. The distinction is based on the basic design or location of the components.

1103.3.1 Low-probability systems. Double-indirect open-spray systems, indirect closed systems and indirect-vented closed systems shall be classified as low-probability systems, provided that all refrigerant-containing piping and fittings are isolated when the quantities in Table 1103.1 are exceeded.

1103.3.2 High-probability systems. Direct systems and indirect open-spray systems shall be classified as high-probability systems.

Exception: An indirect open-spray system shall not be required to be classified as a high-probability system if the pressure of the secondary coolant is at all times (operating and standby) greater than the pressure of the refrigerant.

SECTION 1104 SYSTEM APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

1104.1 General. The refrigerant, occupancy and system classification cited in this section shall be determined in accordance with Sections 1103.1, 1103.2 and 1103.3, respectively. For refrigerant blends assigned dual classifications, as formulated and for the worst case of fractionation, the classifications for the worst case of fractionation shall be used.

TABLE 1103.1

1104.2 Machinery room. Except as provided in Sections 1104.2.1 and 1104.2.2, all components containing the refrigerant shall be located either outdoors or in a machinery room where the quantity of refrigerant in an independent circuit of a system exceeds the amounts shown in Table 1103.1. For refrigerant blends not listed in Table 1103.1, the same requirement shall apply when the amount for any blend component exceeds that indicated in Table 1103.1 for that component. This requirement shall also apply when the combined amount of the blend components exceeds a limit of 69,100 parts per million (ppm) by volume. Machinery rooms required by this section shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with Section 1105 for Group A1 and B1 refrigerants and in accordance with Sections 1105 and 1106 for Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants.

Exceptions:

1. Machinery rooms are not required for listed equipment and appliances containing not more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant, regardless of the refrigerant’s safety classification, where installed in accordance with the equipment’s or appliance’s listing and the equipment or appliance manufacturer’s installation instructions.
2. Piping in conformance with Section 1107 is allowed in other locations to connect components installed in a machinery room with those installed outdoors.

…

1104.2.2 Industrial occupancies and refrigerated rooms. This section applies only to industrial occupancies and refrigerated rooms for manufacturing, food and beverage preparation, meat cutting, other processes and storage. Machinery rooms are not required where all of the following conditions are met:

1. The space containing the machinery is separated from other occupancies by tight construction with tight-fitting doors.

2. Access is restricted to authorized personnel.

3. The floor area per occupant is not less than 100 square feet ( 9.3 m2) where machinery is located on floor levels with exits more than 6.6 feet (2012 mm) above the ground. Where provided with egress directly to the outdoors or into approved building exits, the minimum floor area shall not apply.

4. Refrigerant detectors are installed as required for machinery rooms in accordance with Section 1105.3.

5. Surfaces having temperatures exceeding 800°F (427°C) and open flames are not present where any Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant is used (see Section 1104.3.4).

6. All electrical equipment and appliances conform to Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70 where the quantity of any Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant, other than ammonia, in a single independent circuit would exceed 25 percent of the lower flammability limit (LFL) upon release to the space.

7. All refrigerant-containing parts in systems exceeding 100 horsepower (hp) ( 74.6 kW) drive power, except evaporators used for refrigeration or dehumidification; condensers used for heating; control and pressure relief valves for either; and connecting piping, shall be located either outdoors or in a machinery room.

1104.3 Refrigerant restrictions. Refrigerant applications, maximum quantities and use shall be restricted in accordance with Sections 1104.3.1 through 1104.3.4.

1104.3.1 Air-conditioning for human comfort. In other than industrial occupancies where the quantity in a single independent circuit does not exceed the amount in Table 1103.1, Group B1, B2 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used in high-probability systems for air-conditioning for human comfort.

1104.3.2 Nonindustrial occupancies. Group A2 and B2 refrigerants shall not be used in high-probability systems where the quantity of refrigerant in any independent refrigerant circuit exceeds the amount shown in Table 1104.3.2. Group A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used except where approved.

Exception: This section does not apply to laboratories where the floor area per occupant is not less than 100 square feet ( 9.3 m2).

TABLE 1104.3.2

1104.3.3 All occupancies. The total of all Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants other than R-717, ammonia, shall not exceed 1,100 pounds (499 kg) except where approved.

1104.3.4 Protection from refrigerant decomposition. Where any device having an open flame or surface temperature greater than 800°F (427°C) is used in a room containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant in a single independent circuit, a hood and exhaust system shall be provided in accordance with Section 510. Such exhaust system shall exhaust combustion products to the outdoors.

Exception: A hood and exhaust system shall not be required:

1. Where the refrigerant is R-717, R-718 or R-744;

2. Where the combustion air is ducted from the outdoors in a manner that prevents leaked refrigerant from being combusted; or

3. Where a refrigerant detector is used to stop the combustion in the event of a refrigerant leak (see Sections 1105.3 and 1105.5 ).

1104.4 Volume calculations. Volume calculations shall be in accordance with Sections 1104.4.1 through 1104.4.3.

1104.4.1 Noncommunicating spaces. Where the refrigerant-containing parts of a system are located in one or more spaces that do not communicate through permanent openings or HVAC ducts, the volume of the smallest, enclosed occupied space shall be used to determine the permissible quantity of refrigerant in the system.

1104.4.2 Communicating spaces. Where an evaporator or condenser is located in an air duct system, the volume of the smallest, enclosed occupied space served by the duct system shall be used to determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.

Exception: If airflow to any enclosed space cannot be reduced below one-quarter of its maximum, the entire space served by the air duct system shall be used to determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.

1104.4.3 Plenums. Where the space above a suspended ceiling is continuous and part of the supply or return air plenum system, this space shall be included in calculating the volume of the enclosed space.

SECTION 1105 MACHINERY ROOM, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1105.1 Design and construction. Machinery rooms shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the building code and this section.

1105.2 Openings. Ducts and air handlers in the machinery room that operate at a lower pressure than the room shall be sealed to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the airstream.

1105.3 Refrigerant detector. Refrigerant detectors in machinery rooms shall be provided as required by Section 606.8 of the fire code.

1105.4 Tests. Periodic tests of the mechanical ventilating system shall be performed in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and as required by the code official.

1105.5 Fuel-burning appliances. Fuel-burning appliances and equipment having open flames and that use combustion air from the machinery room shall not be installed in a machinery room.

Exceptions:

1. Where the refrigerant is carbon dioxide or water.
2. Fuel-burning appliances shall not be prohibited in the same machinery room with refrigerant-containing equipment or appliances where combustion air is ducted from outside the machinery room and sealed in such a manner as to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the combustion chamber, or where a refrigerant vapor detector is employed to automatically shut off the combustion process in the event of refrigerant leakage.

1105.6 Ventilation. Machinery rooms shall be mechanically ventilated to the outdoors. Mechanical ventilation shall be capable of exhausting the minimum quantity of air both at normal operating and emergency conditions. Multiple fans or multispeed fans shall be allowed in order to produce the emergency ventilation rate and to obtain a reduced airflow for normal ventilation.

Exception: Where a refrigerating system is located outdoors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any building opening and is enclosed by a penthouse, lean-to or other open structure, natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. Location of the openings shall be based on the relative density of the refrigerant to air. The free-aperture cross section for the ventilation of the machinery room shall be not less than:

F = [SQUARE ROOT]G (Equation 11-1)

For SI: F = 0.138 [SQUARE ROOT]G

where:

F = The free opening area in square feet (m2).

G = The mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largest system, any part of which is located in the machinery room.

1105.6.1 Discharge location. The discharge of the air shall be to the outdoors in accordance with Chapter 5. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation systems shall be discharged not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from a property line or openings into buildings.

1105.6.2 Makeup air. Provisions shall be made for makeup air to replace that being exhausted. Openings for makeup air shall be located to avoid intake of exhaust air. Supply and exhaust ducts to the machinery room shall serve no other area, shall be constructed in accordance with Chapter 5 and shall be covered with corrosion-resistant screen of not less than 0.25 inch ( 6.4 mm) mesh.

1105.6.3 Quantity-normal ventilation. During occupied conditions, the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust the larger of the following:

1. Not less than 0.5 cfm per square foot ( 0.0025 m3/s � m2) of machinery room area or 20 cfm ( 0.009 m3/s) per person; or

2. A volume required to limit the room temperature rise to 18°F (10°C) taking into account the ambient heating effect of all machinery in the room.

1105.6.4 Quantity-emergency conditions. Upon actuation of the refrigerant detector required in Section 1105.3, the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust air from the machinery room in the following quantity:

Q = 100 *[SQUARE ROOT]G (Equation 11-2)

For SI: Q = 0.07 *[SQUARE ROOT]G

where:

Q = The airflow in cubic feet per minute (m3/s).

G = The design mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largest system, any part of which is located in the machinery room.

1105.7 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems located within the machinery room shall terminate outside of the structure at a location not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any window, ventilation opening or exit.

1105.8 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided with an emergency pressure control system in accordance with Section 606.10 of the fire code.

SECTION 1106 MACHINERY ROOM, SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

1106.1 General. Where required by Section 1104.2, the machinery room shall meet the requirements of this section in addition to the requirements of Section 1105.

1106.2 Elevated temperature. There shall not be an open flame-producing device or continuously operating hot surface over 800°F (427°C) permanently installed in the room.

1106.3 Ammonia room ventilation. Ventilation systems in ammonia machinery rooms shall be operated continuously at the emergency ventilation rate determined in accordance with Section 1105.6.4.

Exceptions:

1. Machinery rooms equipped with a vapor detector that will automatically start the ventilation system at the emergency rate determined in accordance with Section 1105.6.4, and that will actuate an alarm at a detection level not to exceed 1,000 ppm; or 2. Machinery rooms conforming to the Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70.

1106.4 Flammable refrigerants. Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2 and B3 are used, the machinery room shall conform to the Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70.

Exception: Ammonia machinery rooms.

1106.5 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall be provided as required by Section 606.9 of the fire code.

1106.5.1 Refrigeration system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide off-only control of electrically energized equipment and appliances in the machinery room, other than refrigerant leak detectors and machinery room ventilation.

Exception: In machinery rooms where only nonflammable refrigerants are used, electrical equipment and appliances, other than compressors, are not required to be provided with a cutoff switch.

1106.5.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the machinery room ventilation fans.

1106.6 Emergency signs and labels. Refrigeration units and systems shall be provided with approved emergency signs, charts, and labels in accordance with the fire code.

SECTION 1107 REFRIGERANT PIPING

1107.1 General. All refrigerant piping shall be installed, tested and placed in operation in accordance with this chapter.

1107.2 Piping location. Refrigerant piping that crosses an open space that affords passageway in any building shall be not less than 7 feet 3 inches (2210 mm) above the floor unless the piping is located against the ceiling of such space. Refrigerant piping shall not be placed in any elevator, dumbwaiter or other shaft containing a moving object or in any shaft that has openings to living quarters or to means of egress. Refrigerant piping shall not be installed in an enclosed public stairway, stair landing or means of egress.

1107.2.1 Piping in concrete floors. Refrigerant piping installed in concrete floors shall be encased in pipe ducts. The piping shall be isolated and supported to prevent damaging vibration, stress and corrosion.

1107.2.2 Refrigerant penetrations. Refrigerant piping shall not penetrate floors, ceilings or roofs.

Exceptions:
1. Penetrations connecting the basement and the first floor.
2. Penetrations connecting the top floor and a machinery penthouse or roof installation.
3. Penetrations connecting adjacent floors served by the refrigeration system.
4. Penetrations by piping in a direct system where the refrigerant quantity does not exceed Table 1103.1 for the smallest occupied space through which the piping passes.
5. In other than industrial occupancies and where the refrigerant quantity exceeds Table 1103.1 for the smallest space, penetrations for piping that connects separate pieces of equipment that are either:

5.1 Enclosed by an approved gas-tight, fire-resistive duct or shaft with openings to those floors served by the refrigeration system or
5.2 Located on the exterior of the building where vented to the outdoors or to the space served by the system and not used as an air shaft, closed court or similar space.

1107.3 Pipe enclosures. Rigid or flexible metal enclosures or pipe ducts shall be provided for soft, annealed copper tubing and used for refrigerant piping erected on the premises and containing other than Group A1 or B1 refrigerants. Enclosures shall not be required for connections between condensing units and the nearest riser box(es), provided such connections do not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in length.

1107.4 Condensation. All refrigerating piping and fittings, brine piping and fittings that, during normal operation, will reach a surface temperature below the dew point of the surrounding air, and are located in spaces or areas where condensation will cause a safety hazard to the building occupants, structure, electrical equipment or any other equipment or appliances, shall be protected in an approved manner to prevent such damage.

1107.5 Materials for refrigerant pipe and tubing. Piping materials shall be as set forth in Sections 1107.5.1 through 1107.5.5.

1107.5.1 Steel pipe. Carbon steel pipe with a wall thickness not less than Schedule 80 shall be used for Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant liquid lines for sizes 1.5 inches (38 mm) and smaller. Carbon steel pipe with a wall thickness not less than Schedule 40 shall be used for Group A1 or B1 refrigerant liquid lines 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller, Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant liquid lines sizes 2 inches (51 mm) through 6 inches (152 mm) and all refrigerant suction and discharge lines 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller. Type F steel pipe shall not be used for refrigerant lines having an operating temperature less than -20°F (-29°C).

1107.5.2 Copper and brass pipe. Standard iron-pipe size, copper and red brass (not less than 80-percent copper) pipe shall conform to ASTM B 42 and ASTM B 43.

1107.5.3 Copper tube. Copper tube used for refrigerant piping erected on the premises shall be seamless copper tube of Type ACR (hard or annealed) complying with ASTM B 280. Where approved, copper tube for refrigerant piping erected on the premises shall be seamless copper tube of Type K, L or M (drawn or annealed) in accordance with ASTM B 88. Annealed temper copper tube shall not be used in sizes larger than a 2-inch (51 mm) nominal size. Mechanical joints shall not be used on annealed temper copper tube in sizes larger than 7/8-inch ( 22.2 mm) OD size.

1107.5.4 Copper tubing joints. Copper tubing joints used in refrigerating systems containing Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerants shall be brazed. Soldered joints shall not be used in such refrigerating systems.

1107.5.5 Aluminum tube. Type 3003-0 aluminum tubing with high-pressure fittings shall not be used with methyl chloride and other refrigerants known to attack aluminum.

1107.6 Joints and refrigerant-containing parts in air ducts. Joints and all refrigerant-containing parts of a refrigerating system located in an air duct of an air-conditioning system carrying conditioned air to and from human-occupied space shall be constructed to withstand, without leakage, a pressure of 150 percent of the higher of the design pressure or pressure relief device setting.

1107.7 Exposure of refrigerant pipe joints. Refrigerant pipe joints erected on the premises shall be exposed for visual inspection prior to being covered or enclosed.

1107.8 Stop valves. All systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of a refrigerant in systems using positive-displacement compressors shall have stop valves installed as follows:

1. At the inlet of each compressor, compressor unit or condensing unit.

2. At the discharge outlet of each compressor, compressor unit or condensing unit and of each liquid receiver.

Exceptions:

1. Systems that have a refrigerant pumpout function capable of storing the entire refrigerant charge in a receiver or heat exchanger.

2. Systems that are equipped with provisions for pumpout of the refrigerant using either portable or permanently installed recovery equipment.

3. Self-contained systems.

1107.8.1 Liquid receivers. All systems containing 100 pounds (45 kg) or more of a refrigerant, other than systems utilizing nonpositive displacement compressors, shall have stop valves, in addition to those required by Section 1107.8, on each inlet of each liquid receiver. Stop valves shall not be required on the inlet of a receiver in a condensing unit, nor on the inlet of a receiver which is an integral part of the condenser.

1107.8.2 Copper tubing. Stop valves used with soft annealed copper tubing or hard-drawn copper tubing 7/8-inch ( 22.2 mm) OD standard size or smaller shall be securely mounted, independent of tubing fastenings or supports.

1107.8.3 Identification. Stop valves shall be identified where their intended purpose is not obvious. Numbers shall not be used to label the valves, unless a key to the numbers is located near the valves.

SECTION 1108 FIELD TEST

1108.1 General. Every refrigerant-containing part of every system that is erected on the premises, except compressors, condensers, vessels, evaporators, safety devices, pressure gauges and control mechanisms that are listed and factory tested, shall be tested and proved tight after complete installation, and before operation. Tests shall include both the high-and low-pressure sides of each system at not less than the lower of the design pressures or the setting of the pressure relief device(s). The design pressures for testing shall be those listed on the condensing unit, compressor or compressor unit nameplate, as required by ASHRAE 15.

Exceptions:

1. Gas bulk storage tanks that are not permanently connected to a refrigeration system.

2. Systems erected on the premises with copper tubing not exceeding 5/8-inch ( 15.8 mm) OD, with wall thickness as required by ASHRAE 15, shall be tested in accordance with Section 1108.1, or by means of refrigerant charged into the system at the saturated vapor pressure of the refrigerant at 70°F (21°C) or higher.

3. Limited-charge systems equipped with a pressure relief device, erected on the premises, shall be tested at a pressure not less than one and one-half times the pressure setting of the relief device. If the equipment or appliance has been tested by the manufacturer at one and one-half times the design pressure, the test after erection on the premises shall be conducted at the design pressure.

1108.1.1 Booster compressor. Where a compressor is used as a booster to obtain an intermediate pressure and discharges into the suction side of another compressor, the booster compressor shall be considered a part of the low side, provided that it is protected by a pressure relief device.

1108.1.2 Centrifugal/nonpositive displacement compressors. In field-testing systems using centrifugal or other nonpositive displacement compressors, the entire system shall be considered as the low-side pressure for field test purposes.

1108.2 Test gases. Tests shall be performed with an inert dried gas including, but not limited to, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen, air, combustible gases and mixtures containing such gases shall NOT be used.

Exception: The use of air is allowed to test R-717, ammonia, systems provided that they are subsequently evacuated before charging with refrigerant.

1108.3 Test apparatus. The means used to build up the test pressure shall have either a pressure-limiting device or a pressure-reducing device and a gauge on the outlet side.

1108.4 Declaration. A certificate of test shall be provided for all systems containing 55 pounds (25 kg) or more of refrigerant. The certificate shall give the name of the refrigerant and the field test pressure applied to the high side and the low side of the system. The certification of test shall be signed by the installer and shall be made part of the public record.

SECTION 1109 PERIODIC TESTING

1109.1 Testing required. The following emergency devices and systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and as required by the building official:

1. Treatment and flaring systems.

2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of emergency refrigeration control boxes.

3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emergency pure ventilation systems.

4. Detection and alarm systems.

Hot Work (Welding, Cutting, Brazing, Grinding)

1301:7-7-26 Welding and other hot work [Effective 11/1/2011]

Section 2601 General

2601.1 Scope. Welding, cutting, open torches and other hot work operations and equipment shall comply with this rule.

2601.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in rule 1301:7-7-01 of the Administrative Code.

2601.3 Restricted areas. Hot work shall only be conducted in areas designed or authorized for that purpose by the personnel responsible for a “Hot Work Program.” Hot work shall not be conducted in the following areas unless approval has been obtained from the fire code official:

(a) Areas where the sprinkler system is impaired.
(b) Areas where there exists the potential of an explosive atmosphere, such as locations where flammable gases, liquids or vapors are present.
(c) Areas with readily ignitable materials, such as storage of large quantities of bulk sulfur, baled paper, cotton, lint, dust or loose combustible materials.
(d) On board ships at dock or ships under construction or repair.
(e) At other locations as specified by the fire code official.

2601.4 Cylinders and containers. Compressed gas cylinders and fuel containers shall comply with this rule and rule 1301:7-7-30 of the Administrative Code.

2601.5 Design and installation of oxygen-fuel gas systems. An oxygen-fuel gas system with two or more manifolded cylinders of oxygen shall be in accordance with NFPA 51 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

Section 2602 Definitions

2602.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this rule and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.

“Hot work.” Operations including cutting, welding, Thermit welding, brazing, soldering, grinding, thermal spraying, thawing pipe, installation of torch-applied roof systems or any other similar activity.

“Hot work area.” The area exposed to sparks, hot slag, radiant heat, or convective heat as a result of the hot work.

“Hot work equipment.” Electric or gas welding or cutting equipment used for hot work.

“Hot work permits.” Permits issued by the responsible manager at the facility under the hot work permit program permitting welding or other hot work to be done in locations referred to in paragraph (C)(3)(2603.3) of this rule and pre-permitted by the fire code official.

“Hot work program.” A permitted program, carried out by approved facilities-designated personnel, allowing them to oversee and issue permits for hot work conducted by their personnel or at their facility. The intent is to have trained, on-site, responsible personnel ensure that required hot work safety measures are taken to prevent fires and fire spread.

“Responsible manager.” A person trained in the safety and fire safety considerations concerned with hot work. Responsible for reviewing the sites prior to issuing permits as part of the hot work permit program and following up as the job progresses.

“Torch-applied roof system.” Bituminous roofing systems using membranes that are adhered by heating with a torch and melting asphalt back coating instead of mopping hot asphalt for adhesion.

Section 2603 General requirements

2603.1 General. Hot work conditions and operations shall comply with this rule.

2603.2 Temporary and fixed hot work areas. Temporary and fixed hot work areas shall comply with this paragraph.

2603.3 Hot work program permit. Hot work permits, issued by an approved responsible manager under a hot work program, shall be available for review by the fire code official at the time the work is conducted and for 48 hours after work is complete.

2603.4 Qualifications of operators. A permit for hot work operations shall not be issued unless the individuals in charge of performing such operations are capable of performing such operations safely. Demonstration of a working knowledge of the provisions of this rule shall constitute acceptable evidence of compliance with this requirement.

2603.5 Records. The individual responsible for the hot work area shall maintain “prework check” reports in accordance with paragraph (D)(3)(a)(2604.3.1) of this rule. Such reports shall be maintained on the premises for a minimum of 48 hours after work is complete.

2603.6 Signage. Visible hazard identification signs shall be provided where required by rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code. Where the hot work area is accessible to persons other than the operator of the hot work equipment, conspicuous signs shall be posted to warn others before they enter the hot work area. Such signs shall display the following warning:

“CAUTION HOT WORK IN PROGRESS – STAY CLEAR”

Section 2604 Fire Safety Requirements

2604.1 Protection of combustibles. Protection of combustibles shall be in accordance with paragraphs (D)(1)(a)(2604.1.1) to (D)(1)(i)(2604.1.9) of this rule.

2604.1.1 Combustibles. Hot work areas shall not contain combustibles or shall be provided with appropriate shielding to prevent sparks, slag or heat from igniting exposed combustibles.

2604.1.2 Openings. Openings or cracks in walls, floors, ducts or shafts within the hot work area shall be tightly covered to prevent the passage of sparks to adjacent combustible areas, or shielded by metal fire-resistant guards, or curtains shall be provided to prevent passage of sparks or slag.

2604.1.3 Housekeeping. Floors shall be kept clean within the hot work area.

2604.1.4 Conveyor systems. Conveyor systems that are capable of carrying sparks to distant combustibles shall be shielded or shut down.

2604.1.5 Partitions. Partitions segregating hot work areas from other areas of the building shall be noncombustible. In fixed hot work areas, the partitions shall be securely connected to the floor such that no gap exists between the floor and the partition. Partitions shall prevent the passage of sparks, slag, and heat from the hot work area.

2604.1.6 Floors. Fixed hot work areas shall have floors with noncombustible surfaces.

2604.1.7 Precautions in hot work. Hot work shall not be performed on containers or equipment that contains or has contained flammable liquids, gases or solids until the containers and equipment have been thoroughly cleaned, inerted or purged; except that “hot tapping” shall be allowed on tanks and pipe lines when such work is to be conducted by approved personnel.

2604.1.8 Sprinkler protection. Automatic sprinkler protection shall not be shut off while hot work is performed. Where hot work is performed close to automatic sprinklers, noncombustible barriers or damp cloth guards shall shield the individual sprinkler heads and shall be removed when the work is completed. If the work extends over several days, the shields shall be removed at the end of each workday. The fire code official shall approve hot work where sprinkler protection is impaired.

2604.1.9 Fire detection systems. Approved special precautions shall be taken to avoid accidental operation of automatic fire detection systems.

2604.2 Fire watch. Fire watches shall be established and conducted in accordance with paragraphs (D)(2)(a)(2604.2.1) to (D)(2)(f)(2604.2.6) of this rule.

2604.2.1 When required. A fire watch shall be provided during hot work activities and shall continue for a minimum of 30 minutes after the conclusion of the work. The fire code official, or the responsible manager under a hot work program, is authorized to extend the fire watch based on the hazards or work being performed.

Exception: Where the hot work area has no fire hazards or combustible exposures.

2604.2.2 Location. The fire watch shall include the entire hot work area. Hot work conducted in areas with vertical or horizontal fire exposures that are not observable by a single individual shall have additional personnel assigned to fire watches to ensure that exposed areas are monitored.

2604.2.3 Duties. Individuals designated to fire watch duty shall have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available and shall be trained in the use of such equipment. Individuals assigned to fire watch duty shall be responsible for extinguishing spot fires and communicating an alarm.

2604.2.4 Fire training. The individuals responsible for performing the hot work and individuals responsible for providing the fire watch shall be trained in the use of portable fire extinguishers.

2604.2.5 Fire hoses. Where hoselines are required, they shall be connected, charged and ready for operation.

2604.2.6 Fire extinguisher. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with paragraph (F)(906) of rule 1301:7-7-09 of the Administrative Code and with a minimum 2-A:20-B:C rating shall be readily accessible within 30 feet(9144 mm) of the location where hot work is performed.

2604.3 Area reviews. Before hot work is permitted and at least once per day while the permit is in effect, the area shall be inspected by the individual responsible for authorizing hot work operations to ensure that it is a fire safe area. Information shown on the permit shall be verified prior to signing the permit in accordance with rule 1301:7-7-01 of the Administrative Code.

2604.3.1 Pre-hot-work check. A pre-hot-work check shall be conducted prior to work to ensure that all equipment is safe and hazards are recognized and protected. A report of the check shall be kept at the work site during the work and available upon request. The pre-hot-work check shall determine all of the following:

(i) Hot work equipment to be used shall be in satisfactory operating condition and in good repair.

(ii) Hot work site is clear of combustibles or combustibles are protected.

(iii) Exposed construction is of noncombustible materials or, if combustible, then protected.

(iv) Openings are protected

(v) Floors are kept clean.

(vi) No exposed combustibles are located on the opposite side of partitions, walls, ceilings or floors.

(vii) Fire watches, where required, are assigned.

(viii) Approved actions have been taken to prevent accidental activation of suppression and detection equipment in accordance with paragraphs (D)(1)(h)(2604.1.8) and (D)(1)(i)(2604.1.9) of this rule.

(ix) Fire extinguishers and fire hoses (where provided) are operable and available.

Section 2605 Gas welding and cutting

2605.1 General. Devices or attachments mixing air or oxygen with combustible gases prior to consumption, except at the burner or in a standard torch or blow pipe, shall not be allowed unless approved.

2605.2 Cylinder and container storage, handling and use. Storage, handling and use of compressed gas cylinders, containers and tanks shall be in accordance with this paragraph and rule 1301:7-7-30 of the Administrative Code.

2605.2.1 Cylinders connected for use. The storage or use of a single cylinder of oxygen and a single cylinder of fuel gas located on a cart shall be allowed without requiring the cylinders to be separated in accordance with paragraphs (C)(9)(h)(2703.9.8) or (C)(10)(c)(vi)(2703.10.3.6) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code when the cylinders are connected to regulators, ready for service, equipped with apparatus designed for cutting or welding and all of the following:

1. Carts shall be kept away from the cutting or welding operation in accordance with paragraph (E)(5)(2605.5) of this rule or fire-resistant shields shall be provided.
2. Cylinders shall be secured to the cart to resist movement.
3. Carts shall be in accordance with paragraph (C)(10)(c)(2703.10.3) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code.
4. Cylinder valves not having fixed hand wheels shall have keys, handles, or nonadjustable wrenches on valve stems while the cylinders are in service.
5. Cylinder valve outlet connections shall conform to the requirements of CGA V-1 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.
6. Cylinder valves shall be closed when work is finished.
7. Cylinder valves shall be closed before moving the cart.

2605.2.1.1 Individual cart separation. Individual carts shall be separated from each other in accordance with paragraph (C)(9)(h)(2703.9.8) of rule 1301:7-7-27 of the Administrative Code.

2605.3 Precautions. Cylinders, valves, regulators, hose and other apparatus and fittings for oxygen shall be kept free from oil or grease. Oxygen cylinders, apparatus and fittings shall not be handled with oily hands, oily gloves, or greasy tools or equipment.

2605.4 Acetylene gas. Acetylene gas shall not be piped except in approved cylinder manifolds and cylinder manifold connections, or utilized at a pressure exceeding 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa) unless dissolved in a suitable solvent in cylinders manufactured in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Part 178 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code. Acetylene gas shall not be brought in contact with unalloyed copper, except in a blowpipe or torch.

2605.5 Remote locations. Oxygen and fuel-gas cylinders and acetylene generators shall be located away from the hot work area to prevent such cylinders or generators from being heated by radiation from heated materials, sparks or slag, or misdirection of the torch flame.

2605.6 Cylinders shutoff. The torch valve shall be closed and the gas supply to the torch completely shut off when gas welding or cutting operations are discontinued for a period of 1 hour or more.

2605.7 Prohibited operation. Welding or cutting work shall not be held or supported on compressed gas cylinders or containers.

2605.8 Tests. Tests for leaks in piping systems and equipment shall be made with soapy water. The use of flames shall be prohibited for leak testing.

Section 2606 Electric arc hot work

2606.1 GenerThe frame or case of electric hot work machines, except internal-combustion-engine-driven machines, shall be grounded. Ground connections shall be mechanically strong and electrically adequate for the required current.

2606.2 Return circuits. Welding current return circuits from the work to the machine shall have proper electrical contact at joints. The electrical contact shall be periodically inspected.

2606.3 Disconnecting. Electrodes shall be removed from the holders when electric arc welding or cutting is discontinued for any period of 1 hour or more. The holders shall be located to prevent accidental contact and the machines shall be disconnected from the power source.

2606.4 Emergency disconnect. A switch or circuit breaker shall be provided so that fixed electric welders and control equipment can be disconnected from the supply circuit. The disconnect shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2606.5 Damaged cable. Damaged cable shall be removed from service until properly repaired or replaced.

…

Section 2609 Piping manifolds and hose systems for fuel gases and oxygen
2609.1 General. The use of piping manifolds and hose systems shall be in accordance with paragraph (I)(2)(2609.2) to (I)(7)(2609.7) of this rule, rule 1301:7-7-30 of the Administrative Code and Chapter 5 of NFPA 51 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.

2609.2 Protection. Piping shall be protected against physical damage.

2609.3 Signage. Signage shall be provided for piping and hose systems as follows:

(a) Above-ground piping systems shall be marked in accordance with ASME A13.1 as listed in rule 1301:7-7-47 of the Administrative Code.
(b) Station outlets shall be marked to indicate their intended usage.
(c) Signs shall be posted, indicating clearly the location and identity of section shutoff valves.
2609.4 Manifolding of cylinders. Oxygen manifolds shall not be located in an acetylene generator room. Oxygen manifolds shall be located at least 20 feet (6096 mm) away from combustible material such as oil or grease, and gas cylinders containing flammable gases, unless the gas cylinders are separated by a fire partition.

2609.5 Identification of manifolds. Signs shall be posted for oxygen manifolds with service pressures not exceeding 200 psig (1379 kPa). Such signs shall include the words:
“LOW-PRESSURE MANIFOLD – DO NOT CONNECT HIGH-PRESSURE CYLINDERS – MAXIMUM PRESSURE 250 PSIG”

2609.6 Clamps. Hose connections shall be clamped or otherwise securely fastened.

2609.7 Inspection. Hoses shall be inspected frequently for leaks, burns, wear, loose connections or other defects rendering the hose unfit for service.

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