Static Electric Discharge Hazard On Bulk Oil Tank Vessels

Electrostatic discharges have long been known as a hazard associated with handling petroleum products. A monograph by Klinkenberg and van der Minne in 1958 [1] led to the development of antistatic additives by Royal Dutch/Shell. J.T. Leonard has described many papers and publications from the 1960s and 1970s addressing both the hazard and related safety measures; they deal primarily with static generation during fuel loading. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) states, in NFPA 77 “Static Electricity”, that “Static electrification and the various effects that result from the positive and negative charges so formed may constitute a fire or explosive hazard. The generation of static electricity cannot be prevented absolutely because its intrinsic origins are present at every interface”.

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