Westrum (1991, 2004) proposed a description of three (3) levels of safety culture advancement. Hudson (1999), and later Parker, Lawrie & Hudson (2006), built on these and developed five (5) levels of safety culture advancement. Depending on its level of maturity, safety culture is either characterized as
- Pathological
- Reactive
- Calculative
- Proactive, or
- Generative
This classification into five levels was included in the OGP’s Hearts and Minds program (2010). It is presented in the table below:
