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The state of North Dakota has an excellent state code for Anhydrous Ammonia.  They have done so much more than just adopted ANSI K61.1/CGA 2.1.  They have written a code for a process safety novice, using the RAGAGEPs as their foundation…. Membership Required You must be a member to access this content.View Membership LevelsAlready a...

This study essentially concerns refrigeration installations using ammonia as a refrigerant.  However, in order to better understand and to place the risks associated with these installations in perspective, quantified information has also been collected on numerous accidents, both French or foreign, in other industrial or agricultural activities and in the field of transport. The processing of these data allows…...

Inside a vinegar plant, a 150-m³ tank containing 38.5 m³ of an alcohol vinegar mixture exploded around 9:40 am. The 3,000-m² site had been in activity start-up mode, but engineering works were still underway. The tank bottom became detached from the shell. It’s upper part, measuring 13 m high, 4 m in diameter and weighing some 3.5 tonnes, was…...

Ten kilos (22 pounds) of hydrogen chloride gas was released from a flange that had been fitted by a contractor just a few weeks earlier, triggering alarms and resulting in an internal emergency intervention. The incident had no significant consequences.  A contractor performing maintenance was instructed to remove the pressure sensor from a device and replace it with…...

A contractor at an upper-tier Seveso plant was cleaning an underground tank so that it could be filled with a different product. The tank was located in an outdoor area comprising 12 horizontal underground multi-compartment tanks, each having an overall capacity of 60 m³ (nominal compartment capacities of 10, 15 and 35 m³) and containing flammable liquids (solvents…...

At around 11:00 p.m., phosgene (COCl2) and chlorobenzene began leaking inside the containment building of a chlorinated chemicals plant. The leak was detected at levels between 13 and 22 ppm by analyzers inside the containment. The analyzers’ control system automatically directed the air inside the containment towards the caustic scrubber. Technicians began looking for the cause of the leak.  While one of…...

The irony in this post is thick with sulfur smoke! SAFTENG Members can read my 2012 article Sulfur sticks and ammonia leaks… are you in compliance when using these leak detection devices? This video shows us what happens when we introduce a lit sulfur stick into an NH3 gas leak.  Imagine someone doing this in a…...

Words still mean something!  There is a reason why OSHA (and EPA) use the word “Management” in the titles of their process safety standards.  Sorry to state the obvious, but the standards are NOT called “process safety managER” for a really good reason.  I have been serious about process safety since 1993 and the one…...