The requirements for bonding and grounding of containers during the transfer of Class I flammable liquids are contained in 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(6)(ii). This paragraph does not specifically address plastic containers. However, OSHA issued “OSHA Instruction STD 1-5.14-A” on October 24, 1980 to address plastic containers (NOTE: this STD is NO LONGER AVAILABLE via OSHA.gov). This…...
I am sure this article will ruffle a few feathers, but honestly, I am surprised and disappointed by that. But I do a lot of work in flammable liquid processing, and this topic always comes up during audits, PHAs, and accident investigations. Some folks will swear that only grounding is “required.” They get this from…...
The proper installation of bonding and grounding systems is important in the protection of personnel and property. At the time of installation, a resistance test is needed to confirm electrical continuity to ground. Evaluating the maintenance requirements, the bonding and grounding system can be divided into three categories:… Membership Required You must be a member...
Generating static electricity in flammable liquids involves charge separation that occurs whenever the liquid moves relative to a surface. The process follows a specific sequence:… Membership Required You must be a member to access this content.View Membership LevelsAlready a member? Log in here...
In the world of flammable liquids processing, we have two (2) types of flammable liquids: Members can read all my articles on how these flammable liquids get classified as “conductive” vs. “non-conductive. This post is to explain HOW and WHY the traditional “bonding and grounding” used in the transfer of flammable liquids may be inadequate…...
Before an employee enters the space, the internal atmosphere shall be tested, with a calibrated direct-reading instrument, for oxygen content, for flammable gases and vapors, and for potential toxic air contaminants, in that order. We test for oxygen before testing for flammability (LEL) for two (2) critical reasons: Here is the breakdown of why this…...
Managing static electricity during the transfer of flammable liquids is based on the fluid’s conductivity, measured in picosiemens per meter (pS/m). High-conductivity liquids dissipate charge quickly, while low-conductivity liquids (static accumulators) hold onto the charge, creating a spark hazard. The following table summarizes the maximum flow velocities recommended by NFPA 77 and API 2003 to…...
