Bryan Haywood

The history of H2S’s IDLH Limit

The Evolution of the Hydrogen Sulfide IDLH: From Lethality to Escape Impairment The history of the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) value for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) reflects a critical evolution in industrial safety. It highlights a shift from focusing purely on survival to understanding the physiological “tipping points” that prevent a worker from…...

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The history of Br’s IDLH Limits

The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) history for bromine follows a trajectory similar to that of chlorine, though the data pool has historically been smaller, leading to greater reliance on comparative toxicology…. Membership Required You must be a member to access this content.View Membership LevelsAlready a member? Log in here...

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The history of Cl2’s IDLH Limits

The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) value for chlorine has been subject to significant reevaluation since its inception in the 1970s. The history reflects a transition from an early consensus on occupational safety to more rigorous, data-driven toxicological assessments…. Membership Required You must be a member to access this content.View Membership LevelsAlready a...

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The history of NH3’s IDLH Limits

The history of ammonia’s Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) levels is a classic example of how occupational safety standards evolve as toxicological data becomes more refined. Since the concept was first introduced in the 1970s, the ammonia limit has undergone significant downward revisions based on a better understanding of acute human tolerance…. Membership...

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EPA RMP & EPCRA citations @ formaldehyde facility (HCHO & $382K)

The Facility includes storage tanks, pumps, and transfer piping, and other buildings, structures, equipment, installations, or substance-emitting stationary activities from which an accidental release of a regulated substance may occur; which belong to the same industrial group; which are located on one or more contiguous properties; and which are under the control of the same…...

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Styrene Tank explosion and fire on chemical tanker Stolt Groenland (Report & Video)

On 28 September 2019, a cargo tank containing styrene monomer on board the Cayman Islands-registered chemical tanker Stolt Groenland ruptured due to runaway polymerization. The catastrophic rupture released a large quantity of vapor into the atmosphere, which subsequently ignited. Fire-fighting efforts by the emergency services took over six hours and involved more than 700 personnel…...

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OSHA Citation Report: Standard 1910.252 (General Requirements)

Reporting Period: October 2024 – September 2025 This report summarizes the enforcement activity for 29 CFR 1910.252, which covers general requirements for welding, cutting, and brazing. The data reflects current penalty amounts and identifies the economic sectors most frequently cited. Executive Summary During the specified period, OSHA issued 160 citations across 115 inspections, resulting in…...

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NJ Warehouse fire caused by Hot Work? (Video)

The investigation is NOT complete, but we can clearly see Hot Work was taking place within 10′ of the origin of this fire. In the video below, we can see the welders were actually using wooden pallets as work platforms, and the large pile of mattress foam was a mere ~10′ away. We can not…...

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What are the LEL correction factors for the top 5 direct reading instruments?

So I asked Google Gemini… What are the LEL correction factors for the top 5 direct reading instruments? I asked this as I wanted a side-by-side comparison of the DIFFERENT correction factors for these five (5) different meters. Some of the variation is 100% greater, so the moral of the story is that when you…...

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Double Fatality – Welding on ATM Flammable Storage Tank (GRAPHIC)

There are very few instances where OSHA uses such clear language, but in 1910.252(a) they use the phrase “absolutely certain” and for good reason! This explosion occurred at a wastewater treatment plant in the city of Gumi, South Korea, on October 19, 2016. 1910.252(a)(3)(i) Used containers.No welding, cutting, or other hot work shall be performed…...

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A man, a PIT, a pallet, a chair and you won’t believe your eyes (Video)

Or maybe you will. Got this from a friend today and its amazing footage of what a worker will do, either on their own accord or instructed to it, to get a job done. Members can view the video below and download it from the Video Library (Unsafe Acts Category)…. Membership Required You must be...

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