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How often do hydrostatic relief valves (HRV) have to be changed or tested?
The frequency for testing or replacing hydrostatic relief valves (HRVs) depends largely on the service environment, the fluid being handled, and the specific regulatory standards like OSHA, NFPA, CGA, or ASME governing your process. Because these valves are designed to protect against thermal expansion in liquid-filled lines—often in “blocked-in” sections—their reliability is critical...
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What is a process?
A process, in terms of Process Safety Management, is defined as:  “Any activity involving a regulated substance including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or on-site movement of such substances, or any combination of these activities. For the purposes of this definition, any group of vessels that are interconnected, or separate vessels that are located such that a regulated...
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Fire Watch for your roofing contractor may have a 2-hr requirement
One of the debates we routinely have with fellow process safety professionals is the adoption of NFPA 51B vs. meeting 1910.252(a) requirements for their Hot Work safe work practice. I am a huge fan of NFPA 51B, as it is much more up-to-date than OSHA’s 1910.252, which, by the way, was based on the first edition of NFPA 51B in 1962. As I have stated many times before, PSM (nor RMP) does NOT allow...
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Massive Leak of Liquefied Chlorine Gas (Henderson, NV 1991)
A massive leak of liquefied chlorine gas created a dangerous cloud of poison gas over the city of Henderson, Nevada, in the early morning hours of May 6, 1991. Over 200 persons were examined at a local hospital for respiratory distress caused by inhalation of the chlorine, and approximately 30 were admitted for treatment. Some 700 persons were taken to shelters. It is estimated that from 2,000 to 7,000...
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Pressure/leak testing "closure welds" (345.2.3)
If we are making a final “tie-in” weld between two segments of pipe that have already been independently pressure tested, that specific weld can be exempt from a final system pressure test if: … HomeRead More »
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The advantage of utilizing a Contractor Work Permit
Those of us living within the realm of Process Safety Management know all too well the difficulty of controlling contractor work activities to a level that we are confident they are not increasing our process risks beyond our acceptable levels. Many contractors are offended by the fact that many PSM programs have multiple layers of protection regarding their presence and work practices in, on, or even...
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Sample Protocol for a Response Plan (General Outline)
Industrial Incident Guidelines for Incident Command Arrival on Scene, Initiation of Response, see: Agent Identification Quick identification by signs/symptoms: CHEMM-IST Substance identification: WISER Acute Patient Care Guidelines Estimation of Protective Distance/Threat Zone On-site Activities Triage Guidelines Hospital Activities Personal Protective Equipment General Guidelines for Responding...
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What does "relief system design basis" mean?
Relief systems include, but are not limited to, relief valves, relief headers, relief drums, and rupture disks. Design basis means documenting how the loads and sizes of the relief system and inlet and outlet sizes were determined. This includes: … HomeRead More »
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Key Elements of Health and Safety Observation and Feedback Processes
Behavior-Based observation and feedback processes promote desired behaviors by introducing POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT for behaving safely. The positive reinforcement is provided through POSITIVE FEEDBACK. These programs are based on the ABC behavior model, as I explain below.  The effectiveness of behavioral safety observation and feedback programs is dependent upon effective implementation. Assess...
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Understanding the ABC Model
The core element of behavior modification is the ABC model of behavior: Antecedents                              Behavior                           ...
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Albert City, Iowa Chicken Farm BLEVE (NFPA)
On April 9, 1998, two volunteer firefighters died in Albert City, Iowa, and six responders were injured when a burning LP-Gas tank exploded in a boiling liquid expanded vapor explosion (BLEVE).  CLICK HERE for this NFPA Article on the incident.
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Response to an NH3 leak leads to serious exposures and missed shifts
At approximately 9:30 p.m. on or about July 31, Employee #1, a can and bottling operation maintenance technician, responded to a possible ammonia leak during the second shift at the plant. A 2,000-lb outside storage tank pumped ammonia into the line-filled room to cool the syrups to between 35 and 40 degrees F before the cans and bottles were filled. Part of the XXXXX valve, which controlled the line...
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